切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (04) : 407 -449. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3232.2024.04.001

指南与共识

原发性肝癌诊疗指南(2024年版)
中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会医政司   
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-15 出版日期:2024-08-10

Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer (2024)

Department of Medical Administration of National Health Commission   

  • Received:2024-04-15 Published:2024-08-10
引用本文:

中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会医政司. 原发性肝癌诊疗指南(2024年版)[J]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2024, 13(04): 407-449.

Department of Medical Administration of National Health Commission. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer (2024)[J]. Chinese Journal of Hepatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2024, 13(04): 407-449.

根据中国国家癌症中心发布的数据,2022年全国原发性肝癌发病人数36.77万,位列各种癌症新发病人数第4位(肺、结直肠、甲状腺、肝),发病率位列第5位(肺、女性乳腺、甲状腺、结直肠、肝);2022年因原发性肝癌死亡人数31.65万[1,2],死亡人数和死亡率均位列第2位(肺、肝)。原发性肝癌主要包括肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)、肝内胆管癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC)和混合型肝细胞癌-胆管癌(combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma,cHCC-CCA)3种不同病理学类型,三者在发病机制、生物学行为、病理组织学、治疗方法以及预后等方面差异较大,其中HCC占75%~85%、ICC占10%~15%[3,4]。本指南中的"肝癌"仅指HCC。

图1 肝脏肿瘤标本基线取材部位示意图注:A、B、C、D:分别对应肿瘤12点、3点、6点和9点时钟位的癌与癌旁肝组织交界处;E:肿瘤区域;F:近癌旁肝组织区域;G:远癌旁肝组织区域
图2 MVI病理分级标准注:MVI为微血管侵犯
图3 肝癌诊断路线图注:典型表现为动脉期(主要动脉晚期)病灶明显强化,门静脉期、延迟期或移行期强化下降,呈"快进快出"的强化方式。不典型表现为缺乏动脉期病灶强化,门静脉期、延迟期或移行期无廓清,甚至持续强化等。MRI:磁共振成像。CT:计算机断层扫描。CEUS:超声造影。EOB-MRI:肝细胞特异性对比剂(钆塞酸二钠,Gd-EOB-DTPA)增强磁共振扫描。血液学分子标志物包括血清AFP、DCP、7个microRNA组合。AFP(+)为超过血清AFP检测正常值
图4 中国肝癌临床分期与治疗路线图注:PS为患者体能状态;CNLC为中国肝癌分期;MDT为多学科诊疗团队;TACE为经导管动脉化疗栓塞术。系统抗肿瘤治疗包括一线治疗:阿替利珠单克隆抗体+贝伐珠单克隆抗体、信迪利单克隆抗体+贝伐珠单克隆抗体类似物、甲磺酸阿帕替尼+卡瑞利珠单克隆抗体、多纳非尼、仑伐替尼、替雷利珠单克隆抗体、索拉非尼、FOLFOX4。二线治疗:瑞戈非尼、阿帕替尼、雷莫西尤单克隆抗体(血清甲胎蛋白水平≥400 μg/L)、帕博利珠单克隆抗体、卡瑞利珠单克隆抗体、替雷利珠单克隆抗体
[189]
Chan A, Zhong J, Berhane S, et al. Development of pre and post-operative models to predict early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection[J]. J Hepatol, 2018, 69(6):1284-1293.
[190]
Wu JC, Huang YH, Chau GY, et al. Risk factors for early and late recurrence in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Hepatol, 2009, 51(5):890-897.
[191]
Imamura H, Matsuyama Y, Tanaka E, et al. Risk factors contributing to early and late phase intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy[J]. J Hepatol, 2003, 38(2):200-207.
[192]
Wang Z, Ren Z, Chen Y, et al. Adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma after resection: a randomized controlled study[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2018, 24(9):2074-2081.
[193]
Wei W, Jian PE, Li SH, et al.Adjuvant transcatheterarterial chemoembolization afte rcurative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with solitary tumor and microvascular invasion: a randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety[J]. Cancer Commun, 2018, 38(1):61.
[194]
Li SH, Mei J, Cheng Y, et al. Postoperative adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with FOLFOX in hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion: a multicenter, phase Ⅲ, randomized study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2023, 41(10):1898-1908.
[195]
Lee JH, Lee JH, Lim YS, et al. Adjuvant immunotherapy with autologous cytokine-induced killer cells for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Gastroenterology, 2015, 148(7):1383-1391. e6.
[196]
He C, Peng W, Li C, et al. Thymalfasin, a promising adjuvant therapy in small hepatocellular carcinoma after liver resection[J]. Medicine, 2017, 96(16): e6606.
[197]
Chen Q, Shu C, Laurence AD, et al. Effect of Huaier granule on recurrence after curative resection of HCC: a multicentre, randomised clinical trial[J]. Gut, 2018, 67(11):2006-2016.
[198]
Huang G, Li PP, Lau WY, et al. Antiviral therapy reduces hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in patients with low HBV-DNA levels: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Ann Surg, 2018, 268(6):943-954.
[199]
Wu J, Yin Z, Cao L, et al. Adjuvant pegylated interferon therapy improves the survival outcomes in patients with hepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment: a meta-analysis[J]. Medicine, 2018, 97(28):e11295.
[200]
Singal AG, Lim JK, Kanwal F. AGA clinical practice update on interaction between oral direct-acting antivirals for chronic hepatitis C infection and hepatocellular carcinoma: expert review[J]. Gastroenterology, 2019, 156(8):2149-2157.
[201]
Cabibbo G, Celsa C, Calvaruso V, et al. Direct-acting antivirals after successful treatment of early hepatocellular carcinoma improve survival in HCV-cirrhotic patients[J]. J Hepatol, 2019, 71(2):265-273.
[202]
Qin S, Chen M, Cheng AL, et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus active surveillance in patients with resected or ablated high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma (IMbrave050): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet, 2023, 402(10415):1835-1847.
[203]
Sapisochin G, Bruix J. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: outcomes and novel surgical approaches[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017, 14(4):203-217.
[204]
Fan J, Yang GS, Fu ZR, et al. Liver transplantation outcomes in 1,078 hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a multi-center experience in Shanghai, China[J]. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2009, 135(10):1403-1412.
[205]
Zheng SS, Xu X, Wu J, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Hangzhou experiences[J]. Transplantation, 2008, 85(12):1726-1732.
[206]
Li J, Yan LN, Yang J, et al. Indicators of prognosis after liver transplantation in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2009, 15(33):4170-4176.
[207]
邵卓, 杨广顺, 杨宁, 等. 三亚共识在原发性肝癌肝移植治疗中的运用[J]. 中国实用外科杂志, 2008, 28(6):466-469.
[208]
Kulik L, Heimbach JK, Zaiem F, et al. Therapies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma awaiting liver transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Hepatology, 2018, 67(1):381-400.
[209]
Lee S, Kim KW, Song GW, et al. The real impact of bridging or downstaging on survival outcomes after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Liver Cancer, 2020, 9(6):721-733.
[210]
Nordness MF, Hamel S, Godfrey CM, et al. Fatal hepatic necrosis after nivolumab as a bridge to liver transplant for HCC: are checkpoint inhibitors safe for the pretransplant patient?[J]. Am J Transplant, 2020, 20(3):879-883.
[211]
Mazzaferro V, Citterio D, Bhoori S, et al. Liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma after tumour downstaging (XXL): a randomised, controlled, phase 2b/3 trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2020, 21(7):947-956.
[212]
Mehta N, Guy J, Frenette CT, et al. Excellent outcomes of liver transplantation following down-staging of hepatocellular carcinoma to within Milan criteria:a multicenter study[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018, 16(6):955-964.
[213]
Tabrizian P, Holzner ML, Mehta N, et al. Ten-year outcomes of liver transplant and downstaging for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. JAMA Surg, 2022, 157(9):779-788.
[214]
Llovet JM, Pavel M, Rimola J, et al. Pilot study of living donor liver transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma exceeding Milan Criteria (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer extended criteria)[J]. Liver Transpl, 2018, 24(3):369-379.
[215]
Pinheiro RS, Waisberg DR, Nacif LS, et al. Living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular cancer: an (almost) exclusive Eastern procedure?[J]. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017, 2:68.
[216]
Kulik LM, Fisher RA, Rodrigo DR, et al. Outcomes of living and deceased donor liver transplant recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma: results of the A2ALL cohort[J]. Am J Transplant, 2012, 12(11):2997-3007.
[217]
Wong T, Ng K, Fung J, et al. Long-term survival outcome between living donor and deceased donor liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma: intention-to-treat and propensity score matching analyses[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2019, 26(5):1454-1462.
[218]
Goldaracena N, Gorgen A, Doyle A, et al. Live donor liver transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma offers increased survival vs. deceased donation[J]. J Hepatol, 2019, 70(4):666-673.
[219]
Sposito C, Cucchetti A, Mazzaferro V. Assessing competing risks for death followingliver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2019, 64(4):1001-1007.
[220]
Segev DL, Sozio SM, Shin EJ, et al. Steroid avoidance in liver transplantation: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized trials[J]. Liver Transpl, 2008, 14(4):512-525.
[1]
Zheng RS, Chen R, Han BF, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022[J]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi, 2024, 46(3):221-231.
[2]
Zheng R, Zhang S, Zeng H, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2016[J]. J Natl Cancer Cent, 2022, 2(1):1-9.
[3]
Zhou M, Wang H, Zeng X, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017[J]. Lancet, 2019, 394(10204):1145-1158.
[4]
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J]. CA A Cancer J Clin, 2018, 68(6): 394-424.
[5]
Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction—grade evidence profiles and summary of findings tables[J]. J Clin Epidemiol, 2011, 64(4):383-394.
[6]
Balshem H, Helfand M, Schünemann H J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence[J]. J Clin Epidemiol, 2011, 64(4): 401-406.
[7]
Andrews JC, Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, et al. GRADE guidelines: 15. Going from evidence to recommendation—determinants of a recommendation’s direction and strength[J]. J Clin Epidemiol, 2013, 66(7):726-735.
[8]
ASCO Guidelines Methodology Manual [EB/OL]. (2021-09-09) [2023-12-15].

URL    
[9]
Zhang BH, Yang BH, Tang ZY. Randomized controlled trial of screening for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2004, 130(7):417-422.
[10]
Zeng H, Cao M, Xia C, et al. Performance and effectiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma screening in individuals with HBsAg seropositivity in China: a multicenter prospective study[J]. Nat Cancer, 2023, 4(9):1382-1394.
[11]
Hou JL, Zhao W, Lee C, et al. Outcomes of long-term treatment of chronic HBV infection with entecavir or other agents from a randomized trial in 24 countries[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 18(2):457-467, e21.
[12]
Fan R, Papatheodoridis G, Sun J, et al. aMAP risk score predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis[J]. J Hepatol, 2020, 73(6):1368-1378.
[13]
Fan R, Chen L, Zhao S, et al. Novel, high accuracy models for hepatocellular carcinoma prediction based on longitudinal data and cell-free DNA signatures[J]. J Hepatol, 2023, 79(4):933-944.
[14]
郝新, 樊蓉, 郭亚兵, 等. 创建医院社区一体化"金字塔"肝癌筛查模式,实现肝癌早筛早诊早治[J]. 中华肝脏病杂志, 2021, 29(4): 289-292.
[15]
Dong Y, Wang WP, Lee WJ, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features of histopathologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma in the non-cirrhotic liver: a multicenter study[J]. Ultrasound Med Biol, 2022, 48(9):1797-1805.
[16]
Wang WP, Dong Y, Cao J, et al. Detection and characterization of small superficially located focal liver lesions by contrast-enhanced ultrasound with high frequency transducers[J]. Med Ultrason, 2017, 19(4):349-356.
[221]
Rodríguez-Perálvarez M, Tsochatzis E, Naveas MC, et al. Reduced exposure to calcineurin inhibitors early after liver transplantation prevents recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Hepatol, 2013, 59(6):1193-1199.
[222]
Liang W, Wang D, Ling X, et al. Sirolimus-based immunosuppression in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis[J]. Liver Transpl, 2012, 18(1):62-69.
[223]
Zhou J, Wang Z, Wu ZQ, et al. Sirolimus-based immunosuppression therapy in liver transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma exceeding the Milan criteria[J]. Transplant Proc, 2008, 40(10):3548-3553.
[224]
Geissler EK, Schnitzbauer AA, Zülke C, et al. Sirolimus use in liver transplant recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized, multicenter, open-label phase 3 trial[J]. Transplantation, 2016, 100(1):116-125.
[225]
Thorat A, Jeng LB, Yang HR, et al. Assessing the role of everolimus in reducing hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after living donor liver transplantation for patients within the UCSF criteria: re-inventing the role of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors[J]. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2017, 21(4):205-211.
[226]
Schnitzbauer AA, Filmann N, Adam R, et al. mTOR inhibition is most beneficial afterliver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with active tumors[J]. Ann Surg, 2020, 272(5):855-862.
[227]
Filgueira NA. Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation: risk factors, screening and clinical presentation[J]. World J Hepatol, 2019, 11(3):261-272.
[228]
Bodzin AS, Lunsford KE, Markovic D, et al. Predicting mortality in patients developing recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: impact of treatment modality and recurrence characteristics[J]. Ann Surg, 2017, 266(1):118-125.
[229]
Au KP, Chok K. Multidisciplinary approach for post-liver transplant recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: a proposed management algorithm[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2018, 24(45):5081-5094.
[230]
Iavarone M, Invernizzi F, Czauderna C, et al. Preliminary experience on safety of regorafenib after sorafenib failure in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation[J]. Am J Transplant, 2019, 19(11):3176-3184.
[231]
Shi GM, Wang J, Huang XW, et al. Graft programmed death ligand 1expression as a marker for transplant rejection following anti-programmed death 1 immunotherapy for recurrent liver tumors[J]. Liver Transpl, 2021, 27(3):444-449.
[232]
Sapisochin G, Lee WC, Joo DJ, et al. Long-Term effects of everolimus-facilitated tacrolimus reduction in living-donor liver transplant recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. AnnTransplant, 2022, 27:e937988.
[233]
Lee DD, Sapisochin G, Mehta N, et al. Surveillance for HCC After liver transplantation: increased monitoring may yieldaggressive treatment options and improved postrecurrence survival[J]. Transplantation, 2020, 104(10):2105-2112.
[234]
Zhong JH, Xing BC, Zhang WG, et al. Repeat hepatic resection versus radiofrequency ablation for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: retrospective multicentre study[J]. Br J Surg, 2021, 109(1):71-78.
[235]
Wang Z, Liu M, Zhang DZ, et al. Microwave ablation versus laparoscopic resection as first-line therapy for solitary 3-5-cm HCC[J]. Hepatology, 2022, 76(1):66-77.
[236]
Li L, Zhang J, Liu X, et al. Clinical outcomes of radiofrequency ablation and surgical resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2012, 27(1):51-58.
[17]
Dong Y, Wang W P, Mao F, et al. Imaging features of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma with contrast-enhanced ultrasound[J]. Ultraschall Med, 2021, 42(3):306-313.
[18]
Fan PL, Xia HS, Ding H, et al. Characterization of early hepatocellular carcinoma and high-grade dysplastic nodules on contrast-enhanced ultrasound: correlation with histopathologic findings[J]. J Ultrasound Med, 2020, 39(9):1799-1808.
[19]
Shen YT, Yue WW, Xu HX. Non-invasive imaging in the diagnosis of combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma[J]. Abdom Radiol, 2023, 48(6):2019-2037.
[20]
Han H, Ji Z, Huang B, et al. The preliminary application of simultaneous display of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and micro-flow imaging technology in the diagnosis of hepatic tumors[J]. J Ultrasound Med, 2023, 42(3):729-737.
[21]
Barr RG, Huang P, Luo Y, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of the liver: a review of the clinical evidence for SonoVue and Sonazoid[J]. Abdom Radiol (NY), 2020, 45(11):3779-3788.
[22]
Dietrich CF, Nolsøe CP, Barr RG, et al. Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the liver-update 2020 WFUMB in cooperation with EFSUMB, AFSUMB, AIUM, and FLAUS[J]. Ultrasound Med Biol, 2020, 46(10): 2579-2604.
[23]
Lee JY, Minami Y, Choi BI, et al. The AFSUMB Consensus Statements and Recommendations for the Clinical Practice of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound using Sonazoid[J]. J Med Ultrasound, 2020, 28(2):59-82.
[24]
Zhao CK, Guan X, Pu YY, et al. Response evaluation using contrast-enhanced ultrasound for unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors plus anti-PD-1 antibody therapy[J]. Ultrasound Med Biol, 2024, 50(1):142-149.
[25]
Zhou BY, Liu H, Pu YY, et al. Quantitative analysis of pre-treatment dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound for assessing the response of colorectal liver metastases to chemotherapy plus targeted therapy: a dual-institutional study[J]. Abdom Radiol, 2024, 49(2):414-424.
[26]
王文平, 季正标, 董怡, 等. 实时导航超声造影在小肝癌诊断中的应用研究[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2016, 13(1):56-60.
[27]
Dong Y, Wang WP, Mao F, et al. Application of imaging fusion combining contrast-enhanced ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in detection of hepatic cellular carcinomas undetectable by conventional ultrasound[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2016, 31(4): 822-828.
[28]
Bo XW, Xu HX, Wang D, et al. Fusion imaging of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT or MRI before radiofrequency ablation for liver cancers[J]. Br J Radiol, 2016, 89(1067):20160379.
[29]
Bo XW, Xu HX, Guo LH, et al. Ablative safety margin depicted by fusion imaging with post-treatment contrast-enhanced ultrasound and pre-treatment CECT/CEMRI after radiofrequency ablation for liver cancers[J]. Br J Radiol, 2017, 90(1078):20170063.
[30]
Dong Y, Wang WP, Xu Y, et al. Point shear wave speed measurement in differentiating benign and malignant focal liver lesions[J]. Med Ultrason, 2017, 19(3):259-264.
[31]
Zhuang Y, Ding H, Zhang Y, et al. Two-dimensional shear-wave elastography performance in the noninvasive evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: comparison with serum fibrosis indexes[J]. Radiology, 2017, 283(3):873-882.
[32]
Guan X, Chen YC, Xu HX. New horizon of ultrasound for screening and surveillance of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease spectrum[J]. Eur J Radiol, 2022, 154:110450.
[237]
Huang J, Yan L, Cheng Z, et al. A randomized trial comparing radiofrequency ablation and surgical resection for HCC conforming to the Milan criteria[J]. Ann Surg, 2010, 252(6):903-912.
[238]
Feng Q, Chi Y, Liu Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation versus surgical resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of 23 studies[J]. J CancerRes Clin Oncol, 2015, 141(1):1-9.
[239]
Chen QW, Ying HF, Gao S, et al. Radiofrequency ablation plus chemoembolization versus radiofrequency ablation alone for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2016, 40(3):309-314.
[240]
Zhang YJ, Chen MS, Chen Y, et al. Long-term Outcomes of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation as an initial treatment for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. JAMA Netw Open, 2021,4(9): e2126992.
[241]
Peng ZW, Zhang YJ, Chen MS, et al. Radiofrequency ablation with or without transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective randomizedtrial[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2013, 31(4):426-432.
[242]
Wang L, Ke Q, Lin N, et al. The efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization combined with microwave ablation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Int J Hyperthermia, 2019, 36(1):1288-1296.
[243]
Zhou C, Zhang X, Peng Y, et al. Surgical resection plus radiofrequency ablation versus radical surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity score matching analysis[J]. J Cancer, 2019, 10(17):3933-3940.
[244]
Zhuang BW, Li W, Wang W, et al. Treatment effect of radiofrequency ablation versus liver transplantation and surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma within Milan criteria: a population-based study[J]. Eur Radiol, 2021, 31(7):5379-5389.
[245]
Livraghi T, Meloni F, Di Stasi M, et al. Sustained complete response and complications rates after radiofrequency ablation of very early hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: is resection still the treatment of choice?[J]. Hepatology, 2008, 47(1):82-89.
[246]
Peng ZW, Lin XJ, Zhang YJ, et al. Radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas 2 cm or smaller: a retrospective comparative study[J]. Radiology, 2012, 262(3):1022-1033.
[247]
Vietti Violi N, Duran R, Guiu B, et al. Efficacy of microwave ablation versus radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: a randomised controlled phase2 trial[J]. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018, 3(5):317-325.
[248]
An C, Li WZ, Huang ZM, et al. Small single perivascular hepatocellular carcinoma: comparisons of radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation by using propensity score analysis[J]. Eur Radiol, 2021, 31(7):4764-4773.
[249]
Yu J, Yu XL, Han ZY, et al. Percutaneous cooled-probe microwave versus radiofrequency ablation in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase Ⅲ randomised controlled trial[J]. Gut, 2017, 66(6):1172-1173.
[250]
Tan W, Deng Q, Lin S, et al. Comparison of microwave ablation and radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Int J Hyperthermia, 2019, 36(1):264-272.
[251]
Yu J, Cheng ZG, Han ZY, et al. Period-dependent survival benefit of percutaneous microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a 12-year real-world, multicentric experience[J]. Liver Cancer, 2022, 11(4):341-353.
[252]
Lin SM, Lin CJ, Lin CC, et al. Randomised controlled trial comparing percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation, percutaneous ethanol injection, and percutaneous acetic acid injection to treat hepatocellular carcinoma of 3 cm or less[J]. Gut, 2005, 54(8):1151-1156.
[33]
Huang YL, Bian H, Zhu YL, et al. Quantitative diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with ultrasound attenuation imaging in a biopsy-proven cohort[J]. Acad Radiol, 2023, 30(Suppl 1):S155-163.
[34]
Chen Y, Lu Q, Zhu Y, et al. Prediction of microvascular invasion in combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma based on pre-operative clinical data and contrast-enhanced ultrasound characteristics[J]. Ultrasound Med Biol, 2022, 48(7):1190-1201.
[35]
Zhang H, Guo L, Wang D, et al. Multi-source transfer learning via multi-kernel support vector machine plus for b-mode ultrasound-based computer-aided diagnosis of liver cancers[J]. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform, 2021,25(10):3874-3885.
[36]
Ding W, Wang Z, Liu FY, et al. A hybrid machine learning model based on semantic information can optimize treatment decision for naïve single 3-5-cm HCC patients[J]. Liver Cancer, 2022, 11(3):256-267.
[37]
Liu F, Liu D, Wang K, et al. Deep learning radiomics based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound might optimize curative treatments for very-early or early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients[J]. Liver Cancer, 2020, 9(4):397-413.
[38]
Lee YJ, Lee JM, Lee JS, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnostic performance of multidetector CTand MR imaging-a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Radiology, 2015, 275(1):97-109.
[39]
Liu X, Jiang H, Chen J, et al. Gadoxetic acid disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging outperformed multidetector computed tomography in diagnosing small hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis[J]. Liver Transpl, 2017, 23(12):1505-1518.
[40]
Marrero JA, Kulik LM, Sirlin CB, et al. Diagnosis, staging, and management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2018 practice guidance by the American association for the study of liver diseases[J]. Hepatology, 2018, 68(2):723-750.
[41]
Vogel A, Cervantes A, Chau I, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up[J]. Ann Oncol, 2018, 29(Suppl 4): iv238-255.
[42]
Omata M, Cheng AL, Kokudo N, et al. Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update[J]. Hepatol Int, 2017, 11(4):317-370.
[43]
Cho ES, Choi JY. MRI features of hepatocellular carcinoma related to biologic behavior[J]. Korean J Radiol, 2015, 16(3):449-464.
[44]
Hwang J, Kim YK, Jeong WK, et al. Nonhypervascular hypointense nodules at Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging in chronic liver disease: diffusion-weighted imaging for characterization[J]. Radiology, 2015, 276(1):137-146.
[45]
Huang P, Ni X, Zhou C, et al. Subcentimeter Nodules with Diagnostic Hallmarks of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Comparison of Pathological Features and Survival Outcomes with Nodules Measuring 1-2 cm[J]. J Hepatocell Carcinoma, 2023, 10:169-180.
[46]
Zeng MS, Ye HY, Guo L, et al. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for focal liver lesions in Chinese patients: a multicenter, open-label, phase Ⅲ study[J]. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 2013, 12(6):607-616.
[47]
Ichikawa T,Saito K,Yoshioka N,etal. Detectionandcharacterizationoffocalliverlesions:a Japanese phase Ⅲ, multicenter comparison between gadoxetic acid disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced computed tomography predominantly in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease[J]. Invest Radiol, 2010, 45(3):133-141.
[48]
Wang W, Yang C, Zhu K, et al. Recurrence after curative resection of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnostic algorithms on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI[J]. Liver Transpl, 2020, 26(6):751-763.
[253]
柳明, 刘超, 李成利, 等. 影像引导肝癌的冷冻消融治疗专家共识(2020版)[J]. 中国医刊, 2020, 55(5):489-492.
[254]
Hasegawa K, Aoki T, Ishizawa T, et al. Comparison of the therapeutic outcomes between surgical resection and percutaneous ablation for small hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2014, 21Suppl 3: S348-355.
[255]
Ahmed M, Solbiati L, Brace CL, et al. Image-guided tumor ablation: standardization of terminology and reporting criteria-a 10-year update[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2014, 25(11):1691-1705, e4.
[256]
Li L, Wang W, Pan H, et al. Microwave ablation combined with OK-432 induces Th1-type responseand specific antitumor immunity in a murine model of breast cancer[J]. JTransl Med, 2017, 15(1):23.
[257]
Mizukoshi E, Yamashita T, Arai K, et al. Enhancement of tumor-associated antigen-specific T cell responses by radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Hepatology, 2013, 57(4):1448-1457.
[258]
Slovak R, Ludwig JM, Gettinger SN, et al. Immuno-thermal ablations -boosting the anticancer immune response[J]. J Immunother Cancer, 2017, 5(1):78.
[259]
Duan X, Wang M, Han X, et al. Combined use of microwaveablationandcellimmunotherapy induces nonspecific immunity of hepatocellular carcinoma model mice[J]. Cell Cycle, 2020, 19(24):3595-3607.
[260]
Rozeman EA, Prevoo W, Meier M, et al. Phase Ib/II trial testing combined radiofrequency ablation and ipilimumab in uveal melanoma (SECIRA-UM)[J]. Melanoma Res, 2020, 30(3):252-260.
[261]
中国抗癌协会肿瘤介入专家委员会. 经导管动脉灌注化疗药物应用原则——中国肿瘤介入专家共识[J]. 介入放射学杂志, 2017, 26(11):963-970.
[262]
Lencioni R, de Baere T, Soulen MC, et al. Lipiodol transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review of efficacy and safety data[J]. Hepatology, 2016, 64(1):106-116.
[263]
Pelletier G, Ducreux M, Gay F, et al. Treatment of unresectable hepatocellularcarcinom awith lipiodol chemoembolization: a multicenter randomized trial. Groupe CHC[J]. J Hepatol, 1998, 29(1):129-134.
[264]
Lo CM, Ngan H, Tso WK, et al. Randomized controlled trial of transarterial lipiodol chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Hepatology, 2002, 35(5):1164-1171.
[265]
Llovet JM, Real MI, Montaña X, et al. Arterial embolisation or chemoembolisation versus symptomatic treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2002, 359(9319):1734-1739.
[266]
Cammà C, Schepis F, Orlando A, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Radiology, 2002, 224(1):47-54.
[267]
Llovet JM, Bruix J. Systematic review of randomized trials for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: chemoembolization improves survival[J]. Hepatology, 2003, 37(2):429-442.
[268]
中华医学会放射学分会介入学组协作组. 原发性肝细胞癌经导管肝动脉化疗性栓塞治疗技术操作规范专家共识[J]. 中华放射学杂志, 2011, 45(10):908-912.
[269]
中国医师协会介入医师分会临床诊疗指南专委会. 中国肝细胞癌经动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗临床实践指南(2021年版)[J]. 中华内科杂志, 2021, 60(7):599-614.
[270]
郭志, 滕皋军, 邹英华, 等. 载药微球治疗原发性和转移性肝癌的技术操作推荐[J]. 中华放射学杂志, 2019, 53(5):336-340.
[271]
Shao G, Zou Y, Lucatelli P, et al. Chinese expert consensuson technical recommendations for the standard operation of drug-eluting beads for transvascular embolization[J]. Ann Transl Med, 2021, 9(8):714.
[272]
Liang B, Makamure J, Shu S, et al. Treatment response, survival, and safety of transarterial chemoembolization with CalliSpheres(®) microspheres versus conventional transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis[J]. Front Oncol, 2021, 11:576232.
[273]
Miyayama S, Matsui O. Superselective conventional transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: rationale, technique, and outcome[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2016, 27(9):1269-1278.
[274]
Iwazawa J, Ohue S, Hashimoto N, et al. Survival after C-arm CT-assisted chemoembolization of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Eur J Radiol, 2012, 81(12):3985-3992.
[275]
Takayasu K, Arii S, Ikai I, et al. Overall survival after transarterial lipiodol infusion chemotherapy with or without embolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: propensity score analysis[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2010, 194(3):830-837.
[276]
Miyayama S, Matsui O, Yamashiro M, et al. Ultraselective transcatheter arterial chemoem-bolization with a 2-f tip microcatheter for small hepatocellular carcinomas: relationship be-tween local tumor recurrence and visualization of the portal vein with iodized oil[J]. JVascInterv Radiol, 2007, 18(3):365-376.
[277]
de Baere T, Ronot M, Chung JW, et al. Initiative on Superselective Conventional Transarterial Chemoembolization Results (INSPIRE)[J]. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2022, 45(10):1430-1440.
[278]
Prajapati HJ, Spivey JR, Hanish SI, et al. mRECIST and EASL responses at early time point by contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI predict survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by doxorubicin drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB TACE)[J]. Ann Oncol, 2013, 24(4):965-973.
[279]
Xia D, Wang Q, Bai W, et al. Optimal time point of response assessment for predicting survival is associated with tumor burden in hepatocellular carcinoma receiving repeated transarterial chemoembolization[J]. Eur Radiol, 2022, 32(9):5799-5810.
[280]
Kim BK, Kim KA, Park JY, et al. Prospective comparison of prognostic values of modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumours with European Association for the Study of the Liver criteria in hepatocellular carcinoma following chemoembolisation[J]. Eur J Cancer, 2013, 49(4):826-834.
[281]
Memon K, Kulik L, Lewandowski RJ, et al. Radiographic response to locoregional therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma predicts patient survival times[J]. Gastroenterology, 2011, 141(2):526-535, 535. e1-2.
[282]
Lu J, Zhao M, Arai Y, et al. Clinical practice of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: consensus statement from an international expert panel of International Society of Multidisciplinary Interventional Oncology (ISMIO)[J]. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr, 2021, 10(5):661-671.
[283]
Terzi E, Golfieri R, Piscaglia F, et al. Response rate and clinical outcome of HCC after first and repeated cTACE performed "on demand"[J]. J Hepatol, 2012, 57(6):1258-1267.
[284]
Lu J, Guo JH, Ji JS, et al. Irradiation stent with 125 I plus TACE versus sorafenib plus TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma with major portal vein tumor thrombosis: a multicenter randomized trial[J]. Int J Surg, 2023, 109(5):1188-1198.
[285]
Luo JJ, Zhang ZH, Liu QX, et al. Endovascular brachytherapy combined with stent placement and TACE for treatment of HCC with main portal vein tumor thrombus[J]. Hepatol Int, 2016, 10(1):185-195.
[286]
Lu J, Guo JH, Zhu HD, et al. Safety and efficacy of irradiation stent placement for malignant portal vein thrombus combined with transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma:asingle-center experience[J]. JVasc Interv Radiol, 2017, 28(6):786-794, e3.
[287]
胡鸿涛, 黎海亮, 郭晨阳, 等. 125I粒子植入联合动脉化学栓塞治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓[J]. 中华放射学杂志, 2012, 46(6):552-556.
[288]
Zhang ZH, Zhang W, Gu JY, et al. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus with the use of iodine-125 seed strand implantation and transarterial chemoembolization: a propensity-score analysis[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2018, 29(8):1085-1093.
[289]
Yang SB, Zhang JH, Fu YF, et al. TACE with portal vein radioactive seeds for HCC with portal vein tumor thrombus: a meta-analysis[J]. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol, 2022, 31(6):856-864.
[290]
Si ZM, Wang GZ, Qian S, et al. Combination therapies in the management of large (≥ 5 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma: microwave ablation immediately followed by transarterial chemoembolization[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2016, 27(10):1577-1583.
[291]
Lewis AR, Padula CA, Mckinney JM, et al. Ablation plus transarterial embolic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma larger than 3 cm: Science. evidence, and future directions[J]. Semin Intervent Radiol, 2019, 36(4):303-309.
[292]
Morimoto M, Numata K, Kondou M, et al. Midterm outcomes in patients with intermediate-sized hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial for determining the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization[J]. Cancer, 2010, 116(23):5452-5460.
[293]
Yuan P, Wang F, Zhu G, et al. The clinical efficiency of TACE combined with simultaneous computed tomography-guided radiofrequency ablation for advanced hepatocellular carci-noma[J]. Invest New Drugs, 2021, 39(5):1383-1388.
[294]
Huo YR, Eslick GD. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization plus radiotherapy compared with chemoembolization alone for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. JAMAOncol, 2015, 1(6):756-765.
[295]
中华医学会放射肿瘤学分会, 中国生物医学工程学会精确放疗分会肝癌学组与消化系统肿瘤专家委员会, 中国研究型医院学会放射肿瘤学分会肝癌学组. 2016年原发性肝癌放疗共识[J]. 中华放射肿瘤学杂志, 2016, 25(11):1141-1150.
[296]
Kim Y, Stahl CC, Makramalla A, et al. Downstaging therapy followed by liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan criteria[J]. Surgery, 2017, 162(6):1250-1258.
[297]
Mehta N, Frenette C, Tabrizian P, et al. Downstaging outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma: results from the multicenter evaluation of reduction in tumor size before liver transplantation (MERITS-LT) consortium[J]. Gastroenterology, 2021, 161(5):1502-1512.
[298]
Shi F, Wu M, Lian SS, et al. Radiofrequency ablation following downstaging of hepatocellular carcinoma by using transarterial chemoembolization: long-term outcomes[J]. Radiology, 2019, 293(3):707-715.
[299]
Wu JY, Yin ZY, Bai YN, et al. Lenvatinib combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies plus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study[J]. J Hepatocell Carcinoma, 2021, 8:1233-1240.
[300]
Chiang CL, Chiu K, Chan K, et al. Sequential transarterial chemoembolisation and stereotactic body radiotherapy followed by immunotherapy as conversion therapy for patients with locally advanced, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (START-FIT): a single-arm, phase 2 trial[J]. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2023, 8(2):169-178.
[49]
Yoo SH, Choi JY, Jang JW, et al. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI is better than MDCT in decision making of curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2013, 20(9):2893-2900.
[50]
Rao SX, Wang J, Wang J, et al. Chinese consensus on the clinical application of hepatobiliary magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent: Gadoxetic acid disodium[J]. J Dig Dis, 2019, 20(2):54-61.
[51]
Huang P, Zhou C, Wu F, et al. An improved diagnostic algorithm for subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI[J]. Eur Radiol, 2023, 33(4):2735-2745.
[52]
Renzulli M, Biselli M, Brocchi S, et al. New hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma, early hepatocellular carcinoma and high-grade dysplastic nodules on Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI in patients with cirrhosis: a new diagnostic algorithm[J]. Gut, 2018, 67(9):1674-1682.
[53]
Chang Y, Jeong SW, Young Jang J, et al. Recent updates of transarterial chemoembolilzation in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(21):8165.
[54]
Kudo M, Izumi N, Kokudo N, et al. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan: consensus-based clinical practice guidelines proposed by the Japan Society of Hepatology (JSH) 2010 updatedversion[J]. Dig Dis, 2011, 29(3):339-364.
[55]
Shi J, Lai EC, Li N, et al. Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2010, 17(8):2073-2080.
[56]
Chen M, Cao J, Hu J, et al. Clinical-radiomic analysis for pretreatment prediction of objective responseto firsttransarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Liver Cancer, 2021, 10(1):38-51.
[57]
Xu X, Zhang HL, Liu QP, et al. Radiomic analysis of contrast-enhanced CT predicts microvascular invasion and outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Hepatol, 2019, 70(6):1133-1144.
[58]
Chong HH, Yang L, Sheng RF, et al. Multi-scale and multi-parametric radiomics of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI predicts microvascular invasion and outcome in patients with solitary hepatocellular carcinoma ≤ 5 cm[J]. Eur Radiol, 2021, 31(7):4824-4838.
[59]
Yang L, Gu D, Wei J, et al. A radiomics nomogram for preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Liver Cancer, 2019, 8(5):373-386.
[60]
Lei Z, Li J, Wu D, et al. Nomogram for preoperative estimation of microvascular invasion risk in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria[J]. JAMASurg, 2016, 151(4):356-363.
[61]
Moustafa AS, AbdelAal AK, Ertel N, et al. Chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic collateral blood supply: anatomic and technical considerations[J]. Radiographics, 2017, 37(3):963-977.
[62]
Pung L, Ahmad M, Mueller K, et al. The role of cone-beam CT in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Vasc IntervRadiol, 2017, 28(3):334-341.
[63]
Lin CY, Chen JH, Liang JA, et al. 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT for detecting extrahepatic metastases or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Eur JRadiol, 2012, 81(9):2417-2422.
[64]
Park JW, Kim JH, Kim SK, et al. A prospective evaluation of 18F-FDG and 11C-acetate PET/CT for detection of primary and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Nucl Med, 2008, 49(12):1912-1921.
[301]
Li L, Li B, Zhang M. Postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization improves the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with microvascular invasion: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Acta Radiol, 2020, 61(6):723-731.
[302]
Esagian SM, Kakos CD, Giorgakis E, et al. Adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization fol-lowing curative-intent hepatectomy versus hepatectomy alone for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Cancers, 2021, 13(12):2984.
[303]
Chen W, Ma T, Zhang J, et al. Asystematicreviewandmeta-analysisofadjuvanttransarterial chemoembolization after curative resection for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. HPB, 2020, 22(6):795-808.
[304]
Liu BJ, Gao S, Zhu X, et al. Combination therapy of chemoembolization and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis compared with chemoembolization alone: a propensity score-matched analysis[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2021, 2021:6670367.
[305]
Huang J, Huang W, Zhan M, et al. Drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization combined with folfox-based hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for large or huge hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Hepatocell Carcinoma, 2021, 8:1445-1458.
[306]
Wang Q, Xia D, Bai W, et al. Development of a prognostic score for recommended TACE candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicentre observational study[J]. J Hepatol, 2019, 70(5):893-903.
[307]
Wang Z, Wang E, Bai W, et al. Exploratory analysis to identify candidates benefitting from combination therapy of transarterial chemoembolization and sorafenib for first-line treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective observational study[J]. Liver Cancer, 2020, 9(3):308-325.
[308]
Xia D, Bai W, Wang E, et al. Lenvatinib with or without concurrent drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization in patients with unresectable, advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a real-world, multicenter, retrospective study[J]. Liver Cancer, 2022, 11(4):368-382.
[309]
Zhu HD, Li HL, Huang MS, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization with PD-(L)1 inhibitors plus molecular targeted therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (CHANCE001)[J]. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2023, 8(1):58.
[310]
Jin ZC, Zhong BY, Chen JJ, et al. Real-world efficacy and safety of TACE plus camrelizumab andapatinib in patients with HCC (CHANCE2211): a propensity score matching study[J]. Eur Radiol, 2023, 33(12):8669-8681.
[311]
Li S, Wu J, Wu J, et al. Prediction of early treatment response to the combination therapy of TACE plus lenvatinib and anti-PD-1 antibody immunotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: multicenter retrospective study[J]. Front Immunol, 2023, 14:1109771.
[312]
Jang JW, Choi JY, Bae SH, et al. Transarterial chemo-lipiodolization can reactivate hepatitis B virus replication in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Hepatol, 2004, 41(3):427-435.
[313]
中华医学会感染病学分会, 中华医学会肝病学分会. 慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2019年版)[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2019, 35(12):2648-2669.
[314]
Lyu N, Wang X, Li JB, et al. Arterial chemotherapy of oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil versus sorafenib inadvanced hepatocellular carcinoma:a biomolecular exploratory, randomized, phase Ⅲ trial (FOHAIC-1)[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2022, 40(5):468-480.
[315]
Lyu N, Lin Y, Kong Y, et al. FOXAI: a phase Ⅱ trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil/leucovorin for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Gut, 2018, 67(2):395-396.
[316]
Long Y, Liang Y, Li S, et al. Therapeutic outcome and related predictors of stereotactic body radiotherapy for small liver-confined HCC: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies[J]. Radiat Oncol, 2021, 16(1):68.
[65]
Boellaard R, O'Doherty MJ, Weber WA, et al. FDG PET and PET/CT: EANM procedure guidelines for tumour PET imaging: version 1.0[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2010, 37(1):181-200.
[66]
Chalian H, Töre HG, Horowitz JM, et al. Radiologic assessment of response to therapy: comparison of RECIST Versions 1.1 and 1.0[J]. Radiographics, 2011, 31(7):2093-2105.
[67]
Wahl RL, Jacene H, Kasamon Y, et al. From RECIST to PERCIST: evolving considerations for PET response criteria in solid tumors[J]. J Nucl Med, 2009, 50 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):122S-150S.
[68]
Ferda J, Ferdová E, Baxa J, et al. The role of 18F-FDG accumulation and arterial enhancement as biomarkers in the assessment of typing, grading and staging of hepatocellular carcinoma using 18F-FDG-PET/CT with integrated dual-phase CT angiography[J]. AnticancerRes, 2015, 35(4):2241-2246.
[69]
Hyun SH, Eo JS, Lee JW, et al. Prognostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in patients with Barcelona clinic liver cancer stages 0 and a hepatocellular carcinomas: a multicenter retrospective cohort study[J]. Eur J NuclMed Mol Imaging, 2016, 43(9):1638-1645.
[70]
Na SJ, Oh JK, Hyun SH, et al. (18)F-FDG PET/CT can predict survival of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients:a multicenter retrospective cohort study[J]. J Nucl Med, 2017, 58(5):730-736.
[71]
Bertagna F, Bertoli M, Bosio G, et al. Diagnostic role of radiolabeled choline PET or PET/CT in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Hepatol Int, 2014, 8(4):493-500.
[72]
Cheung TT, Ho CL, Lo CM, et al. 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG PET/CT for clinical staging and selection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for liver transplantation on the basis of Milan criteria: surgeon's perspective[J]. J Nucl Med, 2013, 54(2):192-200.
[73]
Siripongsatian D, Promteangtrong C, Kunawudhi A, et al. Comparisons of quantitative parameters of Ga-68-labelled fibroblast activating protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT and [18F]F-FDG PET/CT in patients with liver malignancies[J]. Mol Imaging Biol, 2022, 24(5):818-829.
[74]
Lan L, Zhang S, Xu T, et al. Prospective comparison of 68Ga-FAPI versus 18F-FDG PET/CT for tumor staging in biliary tract cancers[J]. Radiology, 2022, 304(3):648-657.
[75]
Zhang Y, Shi H, Cheng D, et al. Added value of SPECT/spiral CT versus SPECT in diagnosing solitary spinal lesions in patients with extraskeletal malignancies[J]. Nucl Med Commun, 2013, 34(5):451-458.
[76]
Hectors SJ, Wagner M, Besa C, et al. Multiparametric FDG-PET/MRI of hepatocellular carcinoma: initial experience[J]. Contrast Media Mol Imaging, 2018:5638283.
[77]
Zhou J, Yu L, Gao X, et al. Plasma microRNA panel to diagnose hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2011, 29(36):4781-4788.
[78]
Best J, Bechmann LP, Sowa JP, et al. GALAD score detects early hepatocellular carcinoma in an international cohort of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 18(3):728-735, e4.
[79]
Piratvisuth T, Hou J, Tanwandee T, et al. Development and clinical validation of a novel algorithmic score (GAAD) for detecting HCC in prospective cohort studies[J]. Hepatol Commun, 2023, 7(11):e0317.
[80]
Yang T, Xing H, Wang G, et al. A Novel Online Calculator Based on Serum Biomarkers to Detect Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Patients with Hepatitis B[J]. Clin Chem, 2019, 65(12):1543-1553.
[317]
Chen YX, Zhuang Y, Yang P, et al. Helical IMRT-based stereotactic body radiation therapy using an abdominal compression technique and modified fractionation regimen for small hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 2020, 19:1533033820937002.
[318]
Chino F, Stephens SJ, Choi SS, et al. The role of external beam radiotherapy in the treatment ofhepatocellular cancer[J]. Cancer, 2018, 124(17):3476-3489.
[319]
Hara K, Takeda A, Tsurugai Y, et al. Radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma results in comparable survival to radiofrequency ablation: a propensity score analysis[J]. Hepatology, 2019, 69(6):2533-2545.
[320]
Jang WI, Bae SH, Kim MS, et al. A phase 2 multicenter study of stereotactic body radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: safety and efficacy[J]. Cancer, 2020, 126(2):363-372.
[321]
Kim N, Cheng J, Jung I, et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy vs. radiofrequency ablation in Asian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Hepatol, 2020, 73(1):121-129.
[322]
Su TS, Liang P, Liang J, et al. Long-term survival analysis of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus liver resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Int J Radiat OncolBiol Phys, 2017, 98(3):639-646.
[323]
Wahl DR, Stenmark MH, Tao Y, et al. Outcomes after stereotactic body radiotherapy or radiofrequencyablation for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2016, 34(5):452-459.
[324]
Comito T, Loi M, Franzese C, et al. Stereotactic radiotherapy after incomplete transarterial (chemo-) embolization (TAE\TACE) versus exclusive TAE or TACE for treatment of inoperable HCC: a phase Ⅲ trial (NCT02323360)[J]. Curr Oncol, 2022, 29(11):8802-8813.
[325]
Yoon SM, Kim SY, Lim YS, et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for small (≤5 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma not amenable to curative treatment: results of a single-arm, phase Ⅱ clinical trial[J]. Clin Mol Hepatol, 2020, 26(4):506-515.
[326]
Meng MB, Cui YL, Lu Y, et al. Transcatheterarterial chemoembolization in combination with radiotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2009, 92(2):184-194.
[327]
Ohri N, Dawson LA, Krishnan S, et al. Radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: new indications and directions for future study[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2016, 108(9):djw133.
[328]
Yoon SM, Ryoo BY, Lee SJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization plus external beam radiotherapy vs sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma with macroscopic vascular invasion: a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2018, 4(5):661-669.
[329]
Zeng ZC, Fan J, Tang ZY, et al. A comparison of treatment combinations with and without radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein and/or inferior vena cava tumor thrombus[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2005, 61(2):432-443.
[330]
Shen L, Xi M, Zhao L, et al. Combination therapy after tace for hepatocellular carcinoma with macroscopic vascular invasion: stereotactic body radiotherapy versus sorafenib[J]. Cancers, 2018, 10(12):516.
[331]
Wei Z, Zhao J, Bi X, et al. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a systematic review[J]. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr, 2022, 11(5):709-717.
[332]
Sun J, Yang L, Shi J, et al. Postoperative adjuvant IMRT for patients with HCC and portal vein tumor thrombus: an open-label randomized controlled trial[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2019, 140:20-25.
[333]
Su K, Gu T, Xu K, et al. Gamma knife radiosurgery versus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a propensity score matching study[J]. Hepatol Int, 2022, 16(4):858-867.
[334]
Guo L, Wei X, Feng S, et al. Radiotherapy prior to or after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Hepatol Int, 2022, 16(6):1368-1378.
[335]
Rim CH, Park S, Yoon WS, et al. Radiotherapy for bone metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma: a hybrid systematic review with meta-analyses[J]. Int J Radiat Biol, 2023, 99(3):419-430.
[336]
Jihye C, Jinsil S. Application of radiotherapeutic strategies in the BCLC-defined stages of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Liver Cancer, 2012, 1(3-4):216-225.
[337]
Soliman H, Ringash J, Jiang H, et al. Phase II trial of palliative radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2013, 31(31):3980-3986.
[338]
Wong TC, Lee VH, Law AL, et al. Prospective study of stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma on waitlist for liver transplant[J]. Hepatology, 2021, 74(5):2580-2594.
[339]
Sapisochin G, Barry A, Doherty M, et al. Stereotacticbody radiotherapy vs. TACE or RFA as a bridge to transplant in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. an intention-to-treat analysis[J]. J Hepatol, 2017, 67(1):92-99.
[340]
Wu F, Chen B, Dong D, et al. Phase 2 evaluation of neoadjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy in centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma: a nonrandomized controlled trial[J]. JAMA Surg, 2022, 157(12):1089-1096.
[341]
Chen B, Wu JX, Cheng SH, et al. Phase 2 study of adjuvant radiotherapy following narrow-margin hepatectomy in patients with HCC[J]. Hepatology, 2021, 74(5):2595-2604.
[342]
Shi C, Li Y, Geng L, et al. Adjuvant stereotactic body radiotherapy after marginal resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion: a randomised controlled trial[J]. Eur J Cancer, 2022, 166:176-184.
[343]
Wang WH, Wang Z, Wu JX, et al. Survival benefit with IMRT following narrow-margin hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma close to major vessels[J]. Liver Int, 2015, 35(12):2603-2610.
[344]
Wang L, Wang W, Rong W, et al. Postoperative adjuvant treatment strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion: a non-randomized interventional clinical study[J]. BMC Cancer, 2020, 20(1):614.
[345]
Chen J, He K, Han Y, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of external radiotherapy combined with sorafenib in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Ann Hepatol, 2022, 27(4):100710.
[346]
Munoz-Schuffenegger P, Barry A, Atenafu EG, et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular invasion[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2021, 156:120-126.
[347]
Chang WI, Kim BH, Kim YJ, et al. Role of radiotherapy in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2022, 37(2):387-394.
[348]
Li H, Wu Z, Chen J, et al. External radiotherapy combined with sorafenib has better efficacy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Clin Exp Med, 2023, 23(5):1537-1549.
[349]
Brade AM, Ng S, Brierley J, et al. Phase1 trial of sorafenib and stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2016, 94(3):580-587.
[350]
Wang H, Zhu X, Zhao Y, et al. Phase 1 trial of apatinib combined with intensity-modulated radiotherapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. BMC Cancer, 2022, 22(1):771.
[351]
Huang Y, Zhang Z, Liao W, et al. Combination of sorafenib, camrelizumab, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, and stereotactic body radiation therapy as a novel downstaging strategy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a case series study[J]. Front Oncol, 2021, 11:650394.
[352]
Li J, Xuan S, Dong P, et al. Immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: recent progress and newstrategy[J]. Front Immunol, 2023, 14:1192506.
[353]
Kimura T, Fujiwara T, Kameoka T, et al. The current role of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)[J]. Cancers, 2022, 14(18):4383.
[354]
Zhong L, Wu D, Peng W, et al. Safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with palliative radiotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Front Oncol, 2021, 11:686621.
[355]
Chen YX, Yang P, Du SS, et al. Stereotactic body radiotherapy combined with sintilimab in patients with recurrent or oligometastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase Ⅱ clinical trial[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2023, 29(24):3871-3882.
[356]
Bujold A, Massey CA, Kim JJ, et al. Sequential phaseⅠ and Ⅱ trials of stereotactic body radiotherapy for locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2013, 31(13):1631-1639.
[357]
曾昭冲. 肝细胞癌的立体定向放射治疗[J]. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2015, 37(9):650-652.
[358]
He J, Shi S, Ye L, et al. A randomized trial of conventional fraction versus hypofraction radiotherapy for bone metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Cancer, 2019, 10(17):4031-4037.
[359]
Hou JZ, Zeng ZC, Wang BL, et al. High dose radiotherapy with image-guidedhypo-IMRT for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein and/or inferior vena cava tumor thrombi is more feasible and efficacious than conventional 3D-CRT[J]. Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2016, 46(4):357-362.
[360]
Zhang H, Chen Y, Hu Y, et al. Image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy improves short-term survival for abdominal lymph node metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. AnnPalliat Med, 2019, 8(5):717-727.
[361]
Byun HK, Kim HJ, Im YR, et al. Dose escalation in radiotherapy for incomplete transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Strahlenther Onkol, 2020, 196(2):132-141.
[362]
D'Avola D, Granito A, Torre-Aláez M, et al. The importance of liver functional reserve in the non-surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Hepatol, 2022, 76(5):1185-1198.
[363]
Hu Y, Zhou YK, Chen YX, et al. 4D-CT scans reveal reduced magnitude of respiratory liver motion achieved by different abdominal compression plate positions in patients with intrahepatic tumors undergoing helical tomotherapy[J]. Med Phys, 2016, 43(7):4335.
[364]
Song SH, Jeong WK, Choi D, et al. Evaluation of early treatment response to radiotherapy for HCC using pre-and post-treatment MRI[J]. Acta Radiol, 2019, 60(7):826-835.
[81]
Guo W, Sun YF, Shen MN, et al. Circulating Tumor Cells with Stem-Like Phenotypes for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Response Evaluation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2018, 24(9):2203-2213.
[82]
Zhang X, Wang Z, Tang W, et al. Ultrasensitive and affordable assay for early detection of primary liver cancer using plasma cell-free DNA fragmentomics[J]. Hepatology, 2022, 76(2):317-329.
[83]
Qu C, Wang Y, Wang P, et al. Detection of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in asymptomatic HBsAg-seropositive individuals by liquid biopsy[J]. Proc NatlAcad Sci U SA, 2019, 116(13):6308-6312.
[84]
Cai J, Chen L, Zhang Z, et al. Genome-wide mapping of 5-hydroxymethylcytosines in circulating cell-free DNA as a non-invasive approach for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Gut, 2019, 68(12):2195-2205.
[85]
Forner A, Vilana R, Ayuso C, et al. Diagnosisofhepaticnodules20mmorsmallerincirrhosis: Prospective validation of the noninvasive diagnostic criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Hepatology, 2008, 47(1):97-104.
[86]
Roberts LR, Sirlin CB, Zaiem F, et al. Imaging for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Hepatology, 2018, 67(1):401-421.
[87]
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Hepatol, 2018, 69(1):182-236.
[88]
Cong WM, Bu H, Chen J, et al. Practice guidelines for the pathological diagnosis of primary liver cancer: 2015 update[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2016, 22(42):9279-9287.
[89]
The WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. WHO classification of tumours, 5th edition,digestive system tumours[M]. Lyon: IARC Press, 2019:254-259.
[90]
王瀚, 陈骏, 张欣, 等. 肝内胆管癌病理诊断专家共识(2022版)[J].中华病理学杂志, 2022, 51(9):819-827.
[91]
Huang YH, Zhang CZ, Huang QS, et al. Clinicopathologic features, tumor immune microenvironment and genomic landscape of Epstein-Barr virus-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma[J]. J Hepatol, 2021,74(4):838-849.
[92]
Yu WL, Yu G, Dong H, et al. Proteomics analysis identified TPI1 as a novel biomarker for predicting recurrence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma[J]. J Gastroenterol, 2020, 55(12):1171-1182.
[93]
Cong WM. Surgical pathology of hepatobiliary tumors[M]. Singapore: Springer, 2017:145-216.
[94]
Chen L, Chen S, Zhou Q, et al. Microvascular invasion status and its survival impact in hepatocellular carcinoma gepend on tissue sampling protocol[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2021, 28(11):6747-6757.
[95]
Nara S, Shimada K, Sakamoto Y, et al. Prognostic impact of marginal resection for patients with solitary hepatocellular carcinoma: evidence from 570 hepatectomies[J]. Surgery, 2012, 151(4):526-536.
[96]
丛文铭. 肝胆肿瘤外科病理学[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2015: 276-339.
[97]
Lu XY, Xi T, Lau WY, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma expressing cholangiocyte phenotype is a novel subtype with highly aggressive behavior[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2011, 18(8):2210-2217.
[365]
Gatti M, Maino C, Darvizeh F, et al. Role of gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma after locoregional treatment[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2022, 28(26):3116-3131.
[366]
Sanuki-Fujimoto N, Takeda A, Ohashi T, et al. CT evaluations of focal liver reactions following stereotactic body radiotherapy for small hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis: relationship between imaging appearance and baseline liver function[J]. Br J Radiol, 2010, 83(996):1063-1071.
[367]
郝光远, 庞军, 陈燕, 等. 原发性肝癌立体定向消融放疗后CT影像学随访观察[J]. 临床军医杂志, 2014, 42(4):393-395, 398.
[368]
Guha C, Kavanagh BD. Hepatic radiation toxicity: avoidance and amelioration[J]. Semin Radiat Oncol, 2011, 21(4):256-263.
[369]
Zeng ZC, Seong J, Yoon SM, et al. Consensus on stereotactic body radiation therapy for small-sized hepatocellular carcinoma at the 7th Asia-Pacific Primary Liver Cancer Expert Meeting[J]. Liver Cancer, 2017, 6(4):264-274.
[370]
Kim TH, Koh YH, Kim BH, et al. Proton beam radiotherapy vs. radiofrequency ablation for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized phase Ⅲ trial[J]. J Hepatol, 2021, 74(3):603-612.
[371]
Bian H, Zheng JS, Nan G, et al. Randomized trial of [131I] metuximab in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2014, 106(9):dju239 [pii].
[372]
中华医学会核医学分会转移性骨肿瘤治疗工作委员会. 氯化锶[89Sr]治疗转移性骨肿瘤专家共识(2017年版)[J]. 中华核医学与分子影像杂志, 2018, 38(6):412-415.
[373]
Finn RS, Qin S, Ikeda M, et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(20):1894-1905.
[374]
Cheng AL, Qin S, Ikeda M, et al. Updated efficacy and safety data from IMbrave150: a tezolizumab plus bevacizumab vs. sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2022, 76(4):862-873.
[375]
Ren Z, Xu J, Bai Y, et al. Sintilimab plus a bevacizumab biosimilar (IBI305) versus sorafenib in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (ORIENT-32): a randomised, open-label, phase 2-3 study[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2021, 22(7):977-990.
[376]
Qin S, Chan SL, Gu S, et al. Camrelizumab plus rivoceranib versus sorafenib as first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CARES-310): a randomised, open-label, international phase 3 study[J]. Lancet, 2023, 402(10408):1133-1146.
[377]
Qin S, Bi F, Gu S, et al. Donafenib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized, open-label, parallel-controlled phase Ⅱ-Ⅲ trial[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2021, 39(27):3002-3011.
[378]
Kudo M, Finn RS, Qin S, et al. Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial[J]. Lancet, 2018, 391(10126):1163-1173.
[379]
Qin S, Kudo M, Meyer T, et al. Tislelizumab vs sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase 3 randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2023, 9(12):1651-1659.
[380]
Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, et al. Sorafenibinadvancedhepatocellularcarcinoma[J]. N Engl J Med, 2008, 359(4):378-390.
[98]
Zhuo J, Lu D, Lin Z, et al. The distinct responsiveness of cytokeratin 19-positive hepatocellular carcinoma to regorafenib[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(12):1084.
[99]
Scheuer PJ. Classification of chronic viral hepatitis: a need for reassessment[J]. J Hepatol, 1991, 13(3):372-374.
[100]
病毒性肝炎防治方案[J]. 中华传染病杂志, 2001, 19(1):56-62.
[101]
World Health Organization. World Health Organization (2015) Guidelines for the prevention, care and treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis B infection[EB/OL].

URL    
[102]
Rodríguez-Perálvarez M, Luong TV, Andreana L, et al. A systematic review of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnostic and prognostic variability[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2013, 20(1):325-339.
[103]
Wang H, Chen JJ, Yin SY, et al. A grading system of microvascular invasion for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing liver resection with curative intent: a multicenter study[J]. J Hepatocell Carcinoma, 2024, 11:191-206.
[104]
Zheng Z, Guan R, Jianxi W, et al. Microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of its definition, clinical significance, and comprehensive management[J]. J Oncol, 2022:9567041.
[105]
Sheng X, Ji Y, Ren GP, et al. A standardized pathological proposal for evaluating microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter study by LCPGC[J]. Hepatol Int, 2020, 14(6):1034-1047.
[106]
Isik B, Gonultas F, Sahin T, et al. Microvascular venous invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma: why do recurrences occur?[J]. J Gastrointest Cancer, 2020, 51(4):1133-1136.
[107]
Kendall T, Verheij J, Gaudio E, et al. Anatomical, histomorphological and molecular classification of cholangiocarcinoma[J]. Liver Int, 2019, 39 Suppl 1:7-18.
[108]
Zou Y, Zhu K, Pang Y, et al. Molecular detection of FGFR2 rearrangements in resected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas: FISH could be an ideal method in patients with histological small duct subtype [J]. J Clin Transl Hepatol, 2023, 11(6):1355-1367.
[109]
Dong L, Lu D, Chen R, et al. Proteogenomic characterization identifies clinically relevant subgroups of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma[J]. Cancer Cell, 2022, 40(1):70-87, e15.
[110]
Travis WD, Dacic S, Wistuba I, et al. IASLC multidisciplinary recommendations for pathologic assessment of lung cancer resection specimens after neoadjuvant therapy[J]. J Thorac Oncol, 2020, 15(5):709-740.
[111]
Allard MA, Sebagh M, Ruiz A, et al. Does pathological response after transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients with cirrhosis predict outcome after liver resection or transplantation?[J]. J Hepatol, 2015, 63(1):83-92.
[112]
Stein JE, Lipson EJ, Cottrell TR, et al. Pan-tumor pathologic scoring of responseto PD-(L)1 blockade[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2020, 26(3):545-551.
[113]
Imamura H, Seyama Y, Kokudo N, et al. One thousand fifty-six hepatectomies without mortality in 8 years[J]. Arch Surg, 2003, 138(11):1198-1206.
[381]
Cheng AL, Kang YK, Chen Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients in the Asia-Pacific region with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase Ⅲ randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2009, 10(1):25-34.
[382]
Pressiani T, Boni C, Rimassa L, et al. Sorafenib in patients with Child-Pugh class A and B advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective feasibility analysis[J]. Ann Oncol, 2013, 24(2):406-411.
[383]
Qin S, Bai Y, Lim HY, et al. Randomized, multicenter, open-label study of oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil/leucovorin versus doxorubicin as palliative chemotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma fromAsia[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2013, 31(28):3501-3508.
[384]
Qin S, Cheng Y, Liang J, et al. Efficacy and safety of the FOLFOX4 regimen versus doxorubicin in Chinese patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a subgroup analysis of the EACH study[J]. Oncologist, 2014, 19(11):1169-1178.
[385]
屈凤莲, 郝学志, 秦叔逵, 等. 亚砷酸注射液治疗原发性肝癌的Ⅱ期多中心临床研究[J]. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2011, 33(9):697-701.
[386]
Abou-Alfa GK, Lau G, Kudo M, et al. Plain language summary of the HIMALAYA study: tremelimumab and durvalumab for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer)[J]. Future Oncol, 2023, 19(38):2505-2516.
[387]
Qiao Q, Han C, Ye S, et al. The efficacy and safety of cadonilimab combined with lenvatinib for first-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (COMPASSION-08): a phase Ⅰb/Ⅱ single-arm clinical trial[J]. Front Immunol, 2023, 14:1238667.
[388]
Bruix J, Qin S, Merle P, et al. Regorafenib for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who progressed on sorafenib treatment (RESORCE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet, 2017, 389(10064):56-66.
[389]
Qin S, Li Q, Gu S, et al. Apatinib as second-line or later therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (AHELP): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2021, 6(7):559-568.
[390]
Zhu AX, Kang YK, Yen CJ, et al. Ramucirumab after sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and increased α-fetoprotein concentrations (REACH-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2019, 20(2):282-296.
[391]
Shao G, Bai Y, Yuan X, et al. Ramucirumab as second-line treatment in Chinese patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and elevated alpha-fetoprotein after sorafenib (REACH-2 China): a randomised, multicentre, double-blind study[J]. EClinicalMedicine, 2022, 54:101679.
[392]
Qin S, Chen Z, Fang W, et al. Pembrolizumab versus placebo as second-line therapy in patients fromasia withadvanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized, double-blind, phase Ⅲ trial[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2023, 41(7):1434-1443.
[393]
Qin S, Ren Z, Meng Z, et al. Camrelizumab in patients with previously treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised, phase 2 trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2020,2 1(4):571-580.
[394]
Xu J, Shen J, Gu S, et al. Camrelizumab in combination with apatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (RESCUE): a nonrandomized, open-label, phase Ⅱ Trial[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2021, 27(4):1003-1011.
[395]
Xu J, Zhang Y, Jia R, et al. Anti-PD-1 antibody SHR-1210 combined with apatinib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric, or esophagogastric junction cancer: an open-label, dose escalation and expansion study[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2019, 25(2):515-523.
[396]
Ren Z, Ducreux M, Abou-Alfa GK, et al. Tislelizumab in patients with previously treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (RATIONALE-208): a multicenter, non-randomized, open-label, phase 2 trial[J]. Liver Cancer, 2023, 12(1):72-84.
[114]
Kubota K, Makuuchi M, Kusaka K, et al. Measurement of liver volume and hepatic functional reserve as a guide to decision-making in resectional surgery for hepatic tumors[J]. Hepatology, 1997, 26(5):1176-1181.
[115]
Bruix J, Castells A, Bosch J, et al. Surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: prognostic value of preoperative portal pressure[J]. Gastroenterology, 1996, 111(4):1018-1022.
[116]
Cescon M, Colecchia A, Cucchetti A, et al. Value of transient elastography measured with FibroScan in predicting the outcome of hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg, 2012, 256(5):706-712.
[117]
Shen Y, Zhou C, Zhu G, et al. Liver stiffness assessed by shear wave elastography predicts postoperative liver failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2017, 21(9):1471-1479.
[118]
Rajakannu M, Cherqui D, Ciacio O, et al. Liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography predicts late posthepatectomy outcomes in patients undergoing resection for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Surgery, 2017, 162(4):766-774.
[119]
Zhong JH, Ke Y, Gong WF, et al. Hepatic resection associated with good survival for selected patients with intermediate and advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg, 2014, 260(2):329-340.
[120]
Xiao H, Zhang B, Mei B, et al. Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with portal hypertension: a long-term benefit compared with transarterial chemoembolization and thermal ablation[J]. Medicine, 2015, 94(7):e495.
[121]
Bosch J, Abraldes JG, Berzigotti A, et al. The clinical use of HVPG measurements inchronic liver disease[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009, 6(10):573-582.
[122]
Chen X, Zhai J, Cai X, et al. Severity of portal hypertension and prediction of postoperative liver failure after liver resection in patients with Child-Pugh grade A cirrhosis[J]. Br J Surg, 2012, 99(12):1701-1710.
[123]
Chin KM, Prieto M, Cheong CK, et al. Outcomes after curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis and review of currentliterature[J]. HPB, 2021, 23(8):1164-1174.
[124]
Mirdad RS, Madison Hyer J, Diaz A, et al. Postoperative imaging surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: how much is enough?[J].J Surg Oncol, 2021, 123(7):1568-1577.
[125]
Chen MS, Li JQ, Zheng Y, et al. Aprospective randomized trial comparing percutaneous local ablative therapy and partial hepatectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg, 2006, 243(3):321-328.
[126]
Kudo M, Hasegawa K, Kawaguchi Y, et al. A multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of surgery versus radiofrequency ablation for small hepatocellular carcinoma (SURF trial): Analysis of overall survival[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2021, 39(15suppl): 4093.
[127]
Yamashita T, Kawaguchi Y, Kaneko S, et al. Amulticenter,non-randomized,controlledtrialto evaluate the efficacy of surgery versus radiofrequency ablation for small hepatocellular carcinoma (SURF trial): analysis of overall survival[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2022, 40(16 Suppl):4095.
[128]
Mohkam K, Dumont PN, Manichon AF, et al. No-touch multibipolar radiofrequency ablation vs. surgical resection for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma ranging from 2 to 5cm[J]. J Hepatol, 2018, 68(6):1172-1180.
[129]
Xu XL, Liu XD, Liang M, et al. Radiofrequency ablationversushepatic resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma: systematic review of randomized controlled trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis[J]. Radiology, 2018, 287(2):461-472.
[397]
Yau T, Kang YK, Kim TY, et al. Efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with sorafenib: the CheckMate 040 randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2020, 6(11):e204564.
[398]
Abou-Alfa GK, Meyer T, Cheng AL, et al. Cabozantinib in patients with advanced and progressing hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. N Engl J Med, 2018, 379(1):54-63.
[399]
NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology (NCCN Guidelines). hepatocellular carcinoma. Version 1. 2023.
[400]
Hasegawa K, Takemura N, Yamashita T, et al. The Japan Society of Hepatology 2021 version (5thJSH-HCC Guidelines)[J]. Hepatol Res, 2023, 53(5):383-390.
[401]
Singal AG, Llovet JM, Yarchoan M, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Hepatology, 2023, 78(6):1922-1965.
[402]
Seymour L, Bogaerts J, Perrone A, et al. iRECIST: guidelines for response criteria for use in trials testing immunotherapeutics[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2017, 18(3):e143-152.
[403]
蔡定芳. 病证辨治创建中国中西结合临床医学体系[J]. 中国中西医结合杂志, 2019, 39(9):1034-1035.
[404]
蔡定芳. 论病证结合临床诊疗模式[J]. 中国中西医结合杂志, 2019, 39(2):133-135.
[405]
Sun Y, Qin SK, Li W, et al. A randomized, double-blinded, phase Ⅲ study of icaritin versus huachashu as the first-line therapy in biomarker-enriched HBV-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with poor conditions: interim analysis result[J]. J Clin Oncol,2021, 39(15 suppl):abstract 4077.
[406]
Qin SK, Li Q, Ming Xu J, et al. Icaritin-induced immunomodulatory efficacy in advanced hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: immunodynamic biomarkers and overall survival[J]. CancerSci, 2020, 111(11):4218-4231.
[407]
Yu Z, Guo J, Hu M, et al. Icaritin exacerbates mitophagy and synergizes with doxorubicinto induce immunogenic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. ACS Nano, 2020, 14(4):4816-4828.
[408]
蔡文辉, 尹春丽, 范庆秋. 艾迪联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的临床观察[J]. 中国医师杂志, 2018, 20(11):1723-1725.
[409]
成远, 华海清. 榄香烯治疗原发性肝癌的研究进展[J]. 临床肿瘤学杂志, 2017, 22(10):950-953.
[410]
范隼, 李庆源, 周志涛, 等. TACE联合金龙胶囊治疗原发性肝癌的效果研究[J]. 中国实用医药, 2019, 14(21):42-44.
[411]
高继良. 肝复乐方剂治疗晚期原发性肝癌的前瞻性、随机对照临床研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2014, 39(12):2367-2369.
[412]
路大鹏, 王玉强, 赵卫林, 等. 康莱特联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗肝癌的临床研究[J]. 世界临床医学, 2017, 11(5):70, 72.
[130]
Liu PH, Hsu CY, Hsia CY, et al. Surgical resection versus radiofrequency ablation for single hepatocellular carcinoma ≤ 2 cm in a propensity score model[J]. Ann Surg, 2016, 263(3):538-545.
[131]
Feng K, Yan J, Li X, et al. A randomized controlled trial of radiofrequency ablation and surgical resection in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Hepatol, 2012, 57(4):794-802.
[132]
Xu Q, Kobayashi S, Ye X, et al. Comparison of hepatic resection and radiofrequency ablation for small hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of 16,103 patients[J]. Sci Rep, 2014, 4:7252.
[133]
Xia Y, Li J, Liu G, et al. Long-term effects of repeat hepatectomy vs percutaneous radiofrequency ablation among patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2020, 6(2):255-263.
[134]
Yin L, Li H, Li AJ, et al. Partialhepatectomyvs. transcatheterarterialchemoembolizationfor resectable multiple hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan Criteria: a RCT[J]. J Hepatol, 2014, 61(1):82-88.
[135]
Torzilli G, Belghiti J, Kokudo N, et al. A snapshot of the effective indications and results of surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma in tertiary referral centers: is it adherent to the EASL/AASLD recommendations?: an observational study of the HCC East-West study group[J]. Ann Surg, 2013, 257(5):929-937.
[136]
Hyun MH, Lee YS, Kim JH, et al. Hepatic resection compared to chemoembolization in intermediate-to advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of high-quality studies[J]. Hepatology, 2018, 68(3):977-993.
[137]
Tsilimigras DI, Mehta R, Paredes AZ, et al. Overall tumor burden dictates outcomes for patients undergoing resection of multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria[J]. Ann Surg, 2020, 272(4):574-581.
[138]
Famularo S, Donadon M, Cipriani F, et al. Hepatectomy versus sorafenib in advanced nonmetastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: a real-life multicentric weighted comparison[J]. Ann Surg, 2022, 275(4):743-752.
[139]
Kokudo T, Hasegawa K, Matsuyama Y, et al. Survival benefit of liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with portal vein invasion[J]. J Hepatol, 2016, 65(5):938-943.
[140]
Zhang XP, Gao YZ, Chen ZH, et al. An eastern hepatobiliary surgery hospital/portal vein tumor thrombus scoring system as an aid to decision making on hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein tumor thrombus: a multicenter study[J]. Hepatology, 2019, 69(5):2076-2090.
[141]
Govalan R, Lauzon M, Luu M, et al. Comparison of surgical resection and systemic treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with vascular invasion: national cancer database analysis[J]. Liver Cancer, 2021, 10(5):407-418.
[142]
Pawlik TM, Poon RT, Abdalla EK, et al. Hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma with major portal or hepatic vein invasion: results of a multicenter study[J]. Surgery, 2005, 137(4):403-410.
[143]
Lu J, Zhang XP, Zhong BY, et al. Management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein tumour thrombosis: comparing east and west[J]. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 4(9):721-730.
[144]
Fan J, Zhou J, Wu ZQ, et al. Efficacy of different treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2005, 11(8):1215-1219.
[145]
Wei X, Jiang Y, Zhang X, et al. Neoadjuvant three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a randomized, open-label, multicenter controlled study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2019, 37(24):2141-2151.
[413]
Zheng DH, Yang JM, Wu JX, et al. Cidan capsule in combination with adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization reduces recurrence rate after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial[J]. Chin J Integr Med, 2023, 29(1):3-9.
[414]
Zhai XF, Liu XL, Shen F, et al. Traditional herbal medicine prevents postoperative recurrence of small hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized controlled study[J]. Cancer, 2018, 124(10):2161-2168.
[415]
国际肝胆胰协会中国分会, 中国抗癌协会肝癌专业委员会, 中国研究型医院学会肝胆胰外科专业委员会, 等. 乙肝病毒相关肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗中国专家共识(2023版)[J]. 中华消化外科杂志, 2023, 22(1):29-41.
[416]
中华医学会肝病学分会肝癌学组. HBV/HCV相关肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗专家共识(2021年更新版)[J].中华肝脏病杂志, 2021, 29(10):948-966.
[417]
中华医学会肝病学分会, 中华医学会感染病学分会. 丙型肝炎防治指南(2022年版)[J]. 中华传染病杂志, 2023, 41(1):29-46.
[418]
Yang H, Mao Y, Lu X, et al. The effects of urinary trypsin inhibitor on liver function and inflammatory factors in patients undergoing hepatectomy: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study[J]. Am J Surg, 2011, 202(2):151-157.
[419]
秦叔逵, 马军. 中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)肿瘤放化疗相关中性粒细胞减少症规范化管理指南(2021)[J]. 临床肿瘤学杂志, 2021, 26(7):638-648.
[420]
中华医学会血液学分会血栓与止血学组. 促血小板生成药物临床应用管理中国专家共识(2023年版)[J]. 中华血液学杂志, 2023, 44(7):535-542.
[421]
Huang A, Guo DZ, Wang YP, et al. The treatment strategy and outcome for spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma: a single-center experience in 239 patients[J]. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2022, 148(11):3203-3214.
[422]
Moris D, Chakedis J, Sun SH, et al. Management, outcomes, and prognostic factors of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review[J]. J Surg Oncol, 2018, 117(3):341-353.
[423]
Sahu SK, Chawla YK, Dhiman RK, et al. Rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: areviewof literature[J]. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2019, 9(2):245-256.
[424]
Tan NP, Majeed A, Roberts SK, et al. Survival of patients with ruptured and non-ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Med J Aust, 2020, 212(6):277-278.
[425]
Yoshida H, Mamada Y, Taniai N, et al. Spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. HepatolRes, 2016, 46(1):13-21.
[426]
Zhong F, Cheng XS, He K, et al. Treatment outcomes of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma with hemorrhagic shock: a multicenter study[J]. Springerplus, 2016, 5(1):1101.
[427]
Aoki T, Kokudo N, Matsuyama Y, et al. Prognostic impact of spontaneous tumor rupture in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis of 1160 cases from a nationwide survey[J]. Ann Surg, 2014, 259(3):532-542.
[428]
Lai EC, Lau WY. Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review[J]. ArchSurg, 2006, 141(2):191-198.
[146]
Wang K, Guo WX, Chen MS, et al. Multimodality treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a large-scale, multicenter, propensity mathching score analysis[J]. Medicine, 2016, 95(11):e3015.
[147]
Li XL, Zhu XD, Cai H, et al. Postoperative α-fetoprotein response predicts tumor recurrence and survival after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity score matching analysis[J]. Surgery, 2019, 165(6):1161-1167.
[148]
Yang J, Tao HS, Cai W, et al. Accuracy of actual resected liver volume in anatomical liver resections guided by 3-dimensional parenchymal staining using fusion indocyanine green fluorescenceimaging[J]. J Surg Oncol, 2018, 118(7):1081-1087.
[149]
Mise Y, Hasegawa K, Satou S, et al. How has virtual hepatectomy changed the practice of liver surgery?: experience of 1194 virtual hepatectomy before liver resection and living donor liver transplantation[J]. Ann Surg, 2018, 268(1):127-133.
[150]
中华医学会数字医学分会, 中国研究型医院学会数字智能化外科专业委员会, 中国医师协会肝癌专业委员会, 等. 计算机辅助联合吲哚菁绿分子荧光影像技术在肝脏肿瘤诊断和手术导航中应用指南(2019版)[J]. 中国实用外科杂志, 2019, 39(7):641-650, 654.
[151]
Jiang HT, Cao JY. Impact of laparoscopic versus open hepatectomy on perioperative clinical outcomes of patients with primary hepatic carcinoma[J]. Chin Med Sci J, 2015, 30(2):80-83.
[152]
中国研究型医院学会肝胆胰外科专业委员会. 腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝细胞癌中国专家共识(2020版)[J]. 中华消化外科杂志, 2020, 19(11):1119-1134.
[153]
Zhu P, Liao W, Zhang WG, et al. A prospective study using propensity score matching to compare long-term survival outcomes after robotic-assisted, laparoscopic, or open liver resection for patients with BCLC stage 0-A hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg, 2023, 277(1):e103-111.
[154]
Wang Q, Li HJ, Dai XM, et al. Laparoscopic versus open liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in elderly patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of propensity-score matched studies[J]. Int J Surg, 2022, 105:106821.
[155]
Wang X, Teh CSC, Ishizawa T, et al. Consensus guidelines for the use of fluorescence imaging in hepatobiliary surgery[J]. Ann Surg, 2021, 274(1):97-106.
[156]
Di Benedetto F, Magistri P, Di Sandro S, et al. Safety and efficacy of robotic vs open liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. JAMA Surg, 2023, 158(1):46-54.
[157]
夏永祥, 张峰, 李相成, 等. 原发性肝癌10 966例外科治疗分析[J].中华外科杂志, 2021, 59(1):6-17.
[158]
Hidaka M, Eguchi S, Okuda K, et al. Impact of anatomical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with microportal invasion (vp1): a multi-institutional study by the kyushu study group of liver surgery[J]. Ann Surg, 2020, 271(2):339-346.
[159]
Zhong FP, Zhang YJ, Liu Y, et al. Prognostic impact of surgical margin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis[J]. Medicine, 2017, 96(37):e8043.
[160]
Shi M, Guo RP, Lin XJ, et al. Partial hepatectomy with wide versus narrow resection margin for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective randomized trial[J]. Ann Surg, 2007, 245(1):36-43.
[161]
Yang P, Si A, Yang J, et al. A wide-margin liver resection improves long-term outcomes for patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion[J]. Surgery, 2019, 165(4):721-730.
[429]
Shin BS, Park MH, Jeon GS. Outcome and prognostic factors of spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial embolization[J]. Acta Radiol, 2011, 52(3):331-335.
[430]
Park J, Jeong YS, Suh YS, et al. Clinical course and role of embolization in patients with spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Front Oncol, 2022, 12:999557.
[431]
Roussel E, Bubenheim M, Le Treut YP, et al. Peritoneal carcinomatosis risk and long-term survival following hepatectomy for spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma rupture: results of a multicenter french study (FRENCH-AFC)[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2020, 27(9):3383-3392.
[162]
Liao K, Yang K, Cao L, et al. Laparoscopic anatomical versus non-anatomical hepatectomy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised controlled trial[J]. Int J Surg, 2022, 102:106652.
[163]
Liu CL, Fan ST, Lo CM, et al. Anterior approach for major right hepatic resection for large hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg, 2000, 232(1):25-31.
[164]
Zhou C, Peng Y, Zhou K, et al. Surgical resection plus radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr, 2019, 8(1):19-28.
[165]
Zhang ZM, Lai EC, Zhang C, et al. The strategies for treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus[J]. Int J Surg, 2015, 20:8-16.
[166]
Fu SY, Lau WY, Li AJ, et al. Liver resection under total vascular exclusion with or without precedingPringle manoeuvre[J]. Br J Surg, 2010, 97(1):50-55.
[167]
Satoh S, Ikai I, Honda G, et al. Clinicopathologic evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma with bile ductthrombi[J]. Surgery, 2000, 128(5):779-783.
[168]
Kim DS, Kim BW, Hatano E, et al. Surgical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma with bile duct tumor thrombus: a Korea-Japan multicenter study[J]. Ann Surg, 2020, 271(5):913-921.
[169]
Zhu XD, Huang C, Shen YH, et al. Downstaging and resection of initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with tyrosine kinase inhibitor and anti-PD-1 antibody combinations[J]. Liver Cancer, 2021, 10(4):320-329.
[170]
中国研究型医院学会肝胆胰外科专业委员会. 精准肝切除术专家共识[J]. 中华消化外科杂志, 2017, 16(9):883-893.
[171]
Aloia TA. Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy: portal vein embolization should remain the gold standard[J]. JAMA Surg, 2015, 150(10):927-928.
[172]
Piron L, Deshayes E, Escal L, et al. [Portal vein embolization: Present and future][J]. Bull Cancer, 2017, 104(5):407-416.
[173]
Ogata S, Belghiti J, Farges O, et al. Sequential arterial and portal vein embolizations before right hepatectomy in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Br J Surg, 2006, 93(9):1091-1098.
[174]
Hwang S, Ha TY, Ko GY, et al. Preoperative sequential Portaland hepatic vein embolization in patients with hepatobiliary malignancy[J]. World J Surg, 2015, 39(12):2990-2998.
[175]
Dupré A, Hitier M, Peyrat P, et al. Associating portal embolization and artery ligation to induce rapid liver regeneration in staged hepatectomy[J]. Br J Surg, 2015, 102(12):1541-1550.
[176]
Glantzounis GK, Tokidis E, Basourakos SP, et al. The role of portal vein embolization in the surgical management of primary hepatobiliary cancers. a systematic review[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2017, 43(1):32-41.
[177]
Schnitzbauer AA, Lang SA, Goessmann H, et al. Right portal vein ligationcombined within situ splitting induces rapid left lateral liver lobe hypertrophy enabling 2-staged extended right hepatic resection in small-for-size settings[J]. Ann Surg, 2012, 255(3):405-414.
[178]
Wang Z, Peng Y, Hu J, et al. Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy for unresectable hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a single center study of45 patients[J]. Ann Surg, 2020, 271(3):534-541.
[179]
Peng Y, Wang Z, Qu X, et al. Transcatheter arterial embolization-salvaged ALPPS, a novel ALPPS procedure especially for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and severe fibrosis/cirrhosis[J]. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr, 2022, 11(4):504-514.
[180]
Li PP, Huang G, Jia NY, et al. Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy versus sequential transarterial chemoembolization and portal vein embolization in staged hepatectomy for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized comparative study[J]. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr, 2022, 11(1):38-51.
[181]
Zhang Y, Huang G, Wang Y, et al. Is salvage liver resection necessary for initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients downstaged by transarterial chemoembolization? ten years of experience[J]. Oncologist, 2016, 21(12):1442-1449.
[182]
Lyu N, Kong Y, Mu L, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil/leucovorin vs. sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Hepatol, 2018, 69(1):60-69.
[183]
He M, Li Q, Zou R, et al. Sorafenib plushepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin,fluorouracil, and leucovorin vs sorafenibalone for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein invasion: a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2019, 5(7):953-960.
[184]
Peng Z, Fan W, Zhu B, et al. Lenvatinib combined with transarterial chemoembolization as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase Ⅲ, randomized clinicaltrial (LAUNCH)[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2023, 41(1):117-127.
[185]
Li B, Qiu J, Zheng Y, et al. Conversion to resectability using transarterial chemoembolization combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg Open, 2021, 2(2):e057.
[186]
Byun HK, Kim HJ, Im YR, et al. Dose escalation by intensity modulated radiotherapy in liver-directed concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced BCLC stage C hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2019, 133:1-8.
[187]
Pinna AD, Yang T, Mazzaferro V, et al. Liver transplantation and hepatic resection can achieve cure for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg, 2018, 268(5):868-875.
[188]
Tabrizian P, Jibara G, Shrager B, et al. Recurrence of hepatocellular cancer after resection: patterns, treatments, and prognosis[J]. Ann Surg, 2015, 261(5):947-955.
[1] 刘世佳, 陶新楠, 史晋宇, 吕文豪, 张亚芬. 乳酸脱氢酶A在乳腺癌中的作用[J]. 中华乳腺病杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(03): 175-179.
[2] 邓呈亮, 陈君哲, 章一新. 继发性肢体淋巴水肿的外科整合治疗[J]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2024, 19(03): 185-191.
[3] 周煦川, 马戈甲, 苏学峰, 王文飞, 秦傲霜, 刘宾. 规范化综合消肿治疗在亚临床期下肢淋巴水肿中的应用效果[J]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2024, 19(03): 192-197.
[4] 王季, 王淑婷, 肖聪慧, 廖鑫, 严鹭慧, 徐姗姗, 邓呈亮, 王玉龙. 采用综合消肿疗法联合淋巴管-静脉吻合术治疗继发性淋巴水肿的临床效果[J]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2024, 19(03): 198-203.
[5] 蒙燕, 唐如冰, 蒋奕, 陆华, 苏玉兰, 张琼, 何英煜. 基于多学科协作的预防性淋巴管-静脉吻合术在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结清扫患者中的应用[J]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2024, 19(03): 204-207.
[6] 陈向军, 于丽, 王星, 梁俊青, 吴迪, 李志军. 采用不同方法联合放射治疗修复薄型瘢痕疙瘩的临床疗效分析[J]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2024, 19(03): 215-222.
[7] 刘连新, 孟凡征. 不断提高腹腔镜解剖性肝切除的规范化[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 355-358.
[8] 陆朝阳, 金也, 孙备. 腹腔镜解剖性肝切除的发展[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 363-366.
[9] 李勇, 彭天明, 王倩倩, 陈育纯, 蒲小勇, 刘久敏. 基于失巢凋亡相关基因的膀胱癌预后模型构建及分析[J]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 331-339.
[10] 李飞, 郑灶松, 吴芃, 谭万龙. 广东省医学会泌尿外科疑难病例多学科会诊(第16期)——延胡索酸水合酶缺陷型晚期肾细胞癌[J]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 410-414.
[11] 马虹宇, 陈元武, 张明明, 岳向勇, 檀碧波. 平胃散加味联合毫火针对直肠癌患者化学治疗致胃肠道反应的疗效[J]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(04): 297-300.
[12] 刘燚隆, 党荣广, 艾蓉, 张凯. 肝硬化合并静脉曲张出血患者内镜治疗后再出血风险的模型建立与验证[J]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(04): 336-342.
[13] 胡静, 杨秀锦, 侯志云. HBV感染患者外周血ISGs表达水平变化及其与干扰素治疗疗效的关系[J]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(04): 343-347.
[14] 袁捷, 乔钰琪, 李彦冬. 二甲双胍、来曲唑联合地屈孕酮治疗多囊卵巢综合征合并不孕症的效果评价[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 343-347.
[15] 楚海强, 杨远游, 任刚. 胰腺癌放射治疗联合其他治疗方法的研究进展[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 392-396.
阅读次数
全文


摘要