切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"
高级检索
中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志

中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (04) : 537 -544. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3232.2026.04.006

专家论坛

门静脉高压症的诊治及并发症研究现状与展望
张宇1, 郑卫华2,3, 张俊晶2,3,†()   
  1. 1　010030　呼和浩特市第二医院外科
    2　010030　呼和浩特市第一医院肝胆胰脾外科
    3　010030　呼和浩特市第一医院基础与转化医学研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-02 出版日期:2026-08-10
  • 通信作者: 张俊晶
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区卫生健康委2023年首府地区公立医院高水平临床专科建设项目之科技项目(2023SGGZ0029); 内蒙古呼和浩特市科技局科技计划项目(2023-社-14); 2024年度公立医院科研联合基金项目(2024GLLH0430)

Research progress in diagnosis and treatment of portal hypertension and its complications

Yu Zhang1, Weihua Zheng2,3, Junjing Zhang2,3,†()   

  1. 1 Department of General Surgery, No.2 Hospital of Hohhot, Hohhot 010030, China
    2 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot 010030, China
    3 Research Center for Basic and Translational Medicine, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot 010030, China
  • Received:2025-12-02 Published:2026-08-10
  • Corresponding author: Junjing Zhang
全文 ( ) 下载PDF ( ) 导出引用
引用本文：

张宇, 郑卫华, 张俊晶. 门静脉高压症的诊治及并发症研究现状与展望[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2026, 15(04): 537-544.

Yu Zhang, Weihua Zheng, Junjing Zhang. Research progress in diagnosis and treatment of portal hypertension and its complications[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Hepatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 15(04): 537-544.

门静脉高压症（PH）是指门静脉系统压力异常升高的综合疾病，多由肝脏疾病（如肝硬化）或门静脉血流受阻引起，导致侧枝循环开放和严重并发症，危及生命。PH已从单一治疗模型向多学科综合治疗转变，以多种诊断治疗结合的方式，降低门静脉高压，从而减少静脉出血所引起的死亡率，最终使PH得到有效治疗，实现优势互补。本文就PH诊断、治疗以及该疾病引起的并发症等研究现状进行总结。

关键词: 门静脉高压症, 诊断, 治疗, 并发症

Portal hypertension (PH) refers to a type of comprehensive disease with abnormally elevated pressure in the portal vein system, which is primarily caused by liver diseases (such as liver cirrhosis) or blockage of portal vein blood flow, leading to collateral circulation and serious, even life-threatening complications. The management of PH has evolved from a single treatment modality to multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment. Multiple diagnosis and treatment approaches are integrated to reduce portal hypertension, thus lowering the mortality caused by venous bleeding, achieving effective treatment of PH and obtaining complementary advantages. In this article, research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of PH and its complications was illustrated.

Key words: Portal hypertension, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complication
表1 PH临床诊断方法的优缺点及临床应用
项目 优点 缺点 临床应用
实验室检查 初步诊断和评估病情 缺乏特异性， 不能直接反映门静脉压力， 干扰因素多， 难以评估侧枝循环情况 广泛
HVPG检测 PH诊断金标准 要求高， 操作复杂， 费用高， 有创性， 存在风险和并发症 较少
肝活检 直观、准确判断肝脏病变类型和程度 侵入性检查， 存在风险和并发症 视病情而定
经皮肝穿刺门静脉造影 直观观察门静脉系统的血管狭窄、阻塞、扭曲以及侧枝循环形成情况 属于有创性检查，易引起辐射暴露， 对技术要求高， 不能全面评估肝脏功能， 存在风险和并发症 以病情而定
血清学标志物 便捷、成本低、可重复性好 单一指标诊断效率低、易受混杂因素干扰， 难以对CSPH作出诊断或排除诊断；联合多个血清学指标难以兼顾诊断灵敏度和特异度 仍在探索阶段[17]
多普勒超声[18] 肝脏大小、形态回声异常 受操作人员技术水平影响较大 广泛
TE 操作简便， 成本效益好， 是设备缺乏地区PH、食管胃静脉曲张严重程度诊断和评估的手段[19] 广泛
声脉冲辐射力弹性成像 操作简便、无创， 可评估肝纤维化及PH的严重程度[20] 易受组织炎症、肥胖等因素干扰， 早期病变灵敏度有限 有潜力
CT 高质量清晰全面的门静脉系统血管图像， 直观显示病变 缺乏统一质控标准， 可纳入研究的病例数远低于血清学标志物研究 广泛
MRI 准确显示门静脉系统的病理改变， 能在复杂环境下识别门静脉直径及横断面； 广泛
内镜 直观， 诊断准确， 指导治疗 观察范围有限， 结果受主观因素影响大， 有创性 基层医院普及
EV 潜在诊断以及治疗手段 临床前试验阶段
ctDNA 潜在诊断以及治疗手段 临床前试验阶段
表2 PH临床治疗方案的优缺点及临床应用
治疗方案 优点 缺点 临床应用
药物治疗
中药治疗 不良反应小， 个体化治疗 作用机制复杂， 用药周期长， 起效慢 少
NSBB 预防出血效果好， 长期应用方便， 价格低廉 有局限性， 存在禁忌证， 不良反应较多， 个体差异大， 不能控制急性出血； 广泛
血管活性药物 止血效果迅速， 适用范围广， 联合内镜治疗效果好 长期使用受限， 有严重不良反应， 价格相对较高 广泛
介入治疗(TIPS、BRTO、PTVE、PSE) 快速有效降低门脉压力， 安全、创伤小、恢复快， 改善长期预后， 联合治疗潜力大 术后并发症风险高， 技术要求高， 费用昂贵 广泛
内镜治疗
EVL 操作简单， 创伤小， 恢复快， 止血效果好， 并发症少 易复发， 对胃底静脉曲张效果差， 存在脱落风险 广泛
EIS 疗效确切， 适用范围广， 可重复治疗 并发症较多， 操作要求高， 患者舒适度差
EVL与EIS结合 减少并发症， 降低再出血率和提高根除率
手术治疗
分流术 治疗效果明显， 对肝脏功能影响较小 术后HE发病率高， 肝功能衰竭的风险大 广泛
断流术 止血效果确切， 对肝脏血流影响小， 手术操作相对简单 术后再出血率较高， 易导致胃黏膜病变
分流联合断流术 降低HE的发病率和再出血率， 降低门静脉压力 费用高、手术范围广， 手术创伤大， 手术难度高
肝移植 解决PH最为彻底的方法 供肝严重缺乏、费用高昂 受限
内镜联合药物治疗 止血成功率高， 安全、有效 广泛
[1]
Buob S, Johnston AN, Webster CRL. Portal hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment[J]. J Vet Intern Med, 2011, 25(2): 169-186. DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00691.x.
[2]
De Gottardi A, Rautou PE, Schouten J, et al. Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease: proposal and description of a novel entity[J]. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 4(5): 399-411. DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30047-0.
[3]
Turco L, Garcia-Tsao G. Portal hypertension[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2019, 23(4): 573-587. DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2019.07.007.
[4]
徐航飞, 丁惠国. 肝(窦)前型非肝硬化门静脉高压症的诊断与治疗及其面临的困境[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2019, 35(1): 13-17. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.01.002.
[5]
Yao H, Wang Y. Relationship between hemodynamic parameters and portal venous pressure in cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension[J]. Open Life Sci, 2020, 15(1): 981-987. DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0101.
[6]
Buck M, Garcia-Tsao G, Groszmann RJ, et al. Novel inflammatory biomarkers of portal pressure in compensated cirrhosis patients[J]. Hepatology, 2014, 59(3): 1052-1059. DOI: 10.1002/hep.26755.
[7]
Wang C, Huang Y, Liu C, et al. Diagnosis of clinically significant portal hypertension using CT-and MRI-based vascular model[J]. Radiology, 2023, 307(2): e221648. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.221648.
[8]
Zafar F, Lubert AM, Trout AT, et al. Abdominal CT and MRI findings of portal hypertension in children and adults with fontan circulation[J]. Radiology, 2022, 303(3): 557-565. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.211037.
[9]
Heo S, Lee SS, Choi SH, et al. CT rule-in and rule-out criteria for clinically significant portal hypertension in chronic liver disease[J]. Radiology, 2023, 309: e231208. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.231208.
[10]
Poisson J, Tanguy M, Davy H, et al. Erythrocyte-derived microvesicles induce arterial spasms in JAK2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasm[J]. J Clin Investig, 2020, 130(5): 2630-2643. DOI: 10.1172/jci124566.
[11]
Klein S, Rick J, Lehmann J, et al. Janus-kinase-2 relates directly to portal hypertension and to complications in rodent and human cirrhosis[J]. Gut, 2017, 66(1): 145-155. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309600.
[12]
Rautou PE, Bresson J, Sainte-Marie Y, et al. Abnormal plasma microparticles impair vasoconstrictor responses in patients with cirrhosis[J]. Gastroenterology, 2012, 143(1): 166-176. e6. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.03.040.
[13]
Povero D, Eguchi A, Niesman IR, et al. Lipid-induced toxicity stimulates hepatocytes to release angiogenic microparticles that require vanin-1 for uptake by endothelial cells[J]. Sci Signal, 2013, 6(296): e2004512. DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004512.
[14]
You S, Tu H, Chaney EJ, et al. Intravital imaging by simultaneous label-free autofluorescence-multiharmonic microscopy[J]. Nat Commun, 2018, 9: 2125. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04470-8.
[15]
Dasgupta D, Nakao Y, Mauer AS, et al. IRE1A stimulates hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles that promote inflammation in mice with steatohepatitis[J]. Gastroenterology, 2020, 159(4): 1487-1503. e17. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.06.031.
[16]
Lee HM, Sugino H, Aoki C, et al. Abnormal networks of immune response-related molecules in bone marrow cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis as revealed by DNA microarray analysis[J]. Arthritis Res Ther, 2011, 13(3): R89. DOI: 10.1186/ar3364.
[17]
陈靖, 朱月永. 无创诊断肝硬化门静脉高压症: 血清标志物还是影像学检查?[J]. 实用肝脏病杂志, 2022, 25(1): 9-12. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5069.2022.01.003.
[18]
Cannella R, Giambelluca D, Pellegrinelli A, et al. Color Doppler ultrasound in portal hypertension: a closer look at left gastric vein hemodynamics[J]. J Ultrasound Med, 2021, 40(1): 7-14. DOI: 10.1002/jum.15386.
[19]
邓雪倩, 李萍英. 无创评估门静脉高压症的研究进展[J]. 国际消化病杂志, 2024, 44(6): 365-368. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-534X.2024.06.004.
[20]
Mela M, Mancuso A, Burroughs A. Drug treatment for portal hypertension[J]. Ann Hepatol, 2002, 1(3): 102-120. DOI: 10.1016/s1665-2681(19)32169-6.
[21]
Berzigotti A, Seijo S, Arena U, et al. Elastography, spleen size, and platelet count identify portal hypertension in patients with compensated cirrhosis[J].Gastroenterology, 2013, 144(1): 102-111. e1. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.001.
[22]
Wang H, Liang W, Zhou L, et al. Baveno Ⅵ-SSM stratifies the risk of portal hypertension-related events in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis[J]. Clin Mol Hepatol 2025, 31(3): 866-880. DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2024.0609.
[23]
中国门静脉高压诊断与监测研究组, 中华医学会消化病学分会微创介入协作组, 中国医师协会介入医师分会急诊介入专业委员会, 等. 中国肝静脉压力梯度临床应用专家共识(2018版)[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2018, 34(12): 2526-2536. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2018.12.008.
[24]
Qi X, An W, Liu F, et al. Virtual Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient with CT Angiography (CHESS 1601): A Prospective Multicenter Study for the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Portal Hypertension[J]. Radiology, 2019, 290(2): 370-377. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2018180425.
[25]
Riedel C, Hoffmann M, Ismahil M, et al. Four-dimensional Flow MRI-based Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation for Noninvasive Portosystemic Pressure Gradient Assessment in Patients with Cirrhosis and Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt[J]. Radiology, 2024, 313(1): e232989. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.232989.
[26]
Wan S, Gao Y, Li T, et al. Deep learning-enhanced CTA for noninvasive prediction of first variceal haemorrhage in cirrhosis: a multi-centre study[J]. Liver Int, 2025, 45(9): e70274. DOI: 10.1111/liv.70274.
[27]
Zheng L, Shi N, Li P, et al. Development and validation of machine learning models to predict esophagogastric variceal rebleeding risk in HBV-related cirrhosis after endoscopic treatment: a prospective multicenter study[J]. EClinicalMedicine 2025, 87: 103436. DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103436.
[28]
Wang QC, Jiao J, Zhang CQ. Application of artificial intelligence in portal hypertension and esophagogastric varices[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2025, 31(24): 108508. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i24.108508.
[29]
王宝钰, 李怡君, 袁筱婕, 等. 慢性HBV感染者肝纤维化转归影响因素的队列研究[J]. 中国热带医学, 2025, 25(2): 270-275. DOI: 10.13604/j.cnki.46-1064/r.2025.03.03.
[30]
Turco L, Taru MG, Vitale G, et al. Beta-blockers lower first decompensation in patients with cirrhosis and enduring portal hypertension after etiological treatment[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2025, 23(6): 987-996. e8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.08.012.
[31]
Jamialahmadi T, Reiner Z, Riahi MM, et al. Statins and portal hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Curr Med Chem, 2025, 32(7): 1323-1332. DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230918114451.
[32]
Caiano LM, Riva N, Carrier M, et al. Treatment of portal vein thrombosis: an updated narrative review[J]. Minerva Med, 2021, 112(6): 713-725. DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07526-1.
[33]
Boike JR, Thornburg BG, Asrani SK, et al. North American practice-based recommendations for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in portal hypertension[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2022, 20(8): 1636-1662. e36. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.07.018.
[34]
Franchis RD, Bosch J, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. Baveno Ⅶ-Renewing consensus in portal hypertension[J]. J Hepatol, 2022, 76(4): 959-974. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.022.
[35]
Casadaban LC, Parvinian A, Minocha J, et al. Clearing the confusion over hepatic encephalopathy after TIPS creation: incidence, prognostic factors, and clinical outcomes[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2015, 60(4): 1059-1066. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3391-0.
[36]
Coronado WM, Ju C, Bullen J, et al. Predictors of occurrence and risk of hepatic encephalopathy after TIPS creation: a 15-year experience[J]. CardioVascular Interv Radiol, 2020, 43(8): 1156-1164. DOI: 10.1007/s00270-020-02512-7.
[37]
Trebicka J, Bastgen D, Byrtus J, et al. Smaller-diameter covered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stents are associated with increased survival[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 17(13): 2793-2799. e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.03.042.
[38]
Praktiknjo M, Abu-Omar J, Chang J, et al. Controlled underdilation using novel VIATORR® controlled expansion stents improves survival after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt implantation[J]. JHEP Rep, 2021, 3(3): 100264. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100264.
[39]
Matei D, Crisan D, Procopet B, et al. Predictive factors of failure to control bleeding and 6-week mortality after variceal hemorrhage in liver cirrhosis: a tertiary referral center experience[J]. Arch Med Sci, 2021, 18(1): 52-61. DOI: 10.5114/aoms/97206.
[40]
Hirota S, Kobayashi K, Kako Y, et al. Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of varices: focusing on the portal hemodynamics and the recent techniques[J]. Hepatol Int, 2018, 12(1): 102-111. DOI: 10.1007/s12072-017-9813-2.
[41]
Stein DJ, Salinas C, Sabri S, et al. Balloon retrograde transvenous obliteration versus endoscopic cyanoacrylate in bleeding gastric varices: comparison of rebleeding and mortality with extended follow-up[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2019, 30(2): 187-194. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.008.
[42]
Jogo A, Yamamoto A, Kaminoh T, et al. Utility of low-dose gelatin sponge particles and 5% ethanolamine oleate iopamidol mixture in retrograde transvenous obliteration (GERTO) for gastric varices[J]. Br J Radiol, 2020, 93(1108): 20190751. DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190751.
[43]
Wang ZW, Liu JC, Zhao F, et al. Comparison of the effects of TIPS versus BRTO on bleeding gastric varices: a meta-analysis[J]. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 2020: 5143013. DOI: 10.1155/2020/5143013.
[44]
Orloff MJ, Hye RJ, Wheeler HO, et al. Randomized trials of endoscopic therapy and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus portacaval shunt for emergency and elective treatment of bleeding gastric varices in cirrhosis[J]. Surgery, 2015, 157(6): 1028-1045. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.12.003.
[45]
王亮, 修典荣, 原春辉, 等. 远端脾肾分流术治疗门静脉高压症的效果评价[J]. 中华普通外科杂志, 2017, 32(2): 101-104. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-631X.2017.02.002.
[46]
中华医学会外科学分会脾及门静脉高压外科学组. 肝硬化门静脉高压症食管、胃底静脉曲张破裂出血诊治专家共识(2025版)[J]. 中国实用外科杂志, 2025, 45(3): 249-256. DOI: 10.19538/j.cjps.issn1005-2208.2025.03.02.
[47]
王智勇, 孟兴凯, 王万祥, 等. 食管胃底吻合联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血的疗效分析[J]. 中华普通外科杂志, 2021, 36(5): 355-359. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn113855-20200816-00640.
[48]
Garcia-Tsao G, Abraldes JG, Berzigotti A, et al. Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: Risk stratification, diagnosis, and management 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases[J]. Hepatology, 2017, 65(1): 310-335. DOI: 10.1002/hep.28906.
[49]
Tripathi D, Stanley AJ, Hayes PC, et al. U. K. guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients[J]. Gut, 2015, 64(11): 1680-1704. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309262.
[50]
Jachs M, Sandmann L, Hartl L, et al. Validation of Baveno Ⅶ criteria and other non-invasive diagnostic algorithms for clinically significant portal hypertension in hepatitis delta[J]. J Hepatol, 2024, 81(2): 248-257. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.03.005.
[51]
中华医学会外科学分会脾及门静脉高压外科学组. 肝硬化门静脉高压症食管、胃底静脉曲张破裂出血诊治专家共识(2019版)[J]. 中国实用外科杂志, 2019, 39(12): 1241-1247. DOI: 10.19538/j.cjps.issn1005-2208.2019.12.01.
[52]
Singh S, Chandan S, Vinayek R, et al. Comprehensive approach to esophageal variceal bleeding: From prevention to treatment[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2024, 30(43): 4602-4608. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i43.4602.
[53]
Zanetto A, Barbiero G, Battistel M, et al. Management of portal hypertension severe complications[J]. Minerva Gastroenterol, 2021, 67(1): 26-37. DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.20.02784-1.
[54]
Sheng JY, Liu S, Yang YS, et al. The progress in management of esoPHagogastric variceal bleeding in cirrhotic portal hypertension[J]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi, 2020, 58(10): 808-812. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20191111-00556.
[55]
Tranah TH, Nayagam JS, Gregory S, et al. Diagnosis and management of ectopic varices in portal hypertension[J]. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2023, 8(11): 1046-1056. DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00209-1.
[56]
Kennedy P, Bane O, Hectors SJ, et al. Noninvasive imaging assessment of portal hypertension[J]. Abdom Radiol, 2020, 45(11): 3473-3495. DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02729-7.
[57]
Tonon M, Piano S. Cirrhosis and portal hypertension[J]. Med Clin N Am, 2023, 107(3): 505-516. DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.12.004.
[58]
Madoff DC, Cornman-Homonoff J, Fortune BE, et al. Management of refractory ascites due to portal hypertension: current status[J]. Radiology, 2021, 298(3): 493-504. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021201960.
[59]
Guixé-Muntet S, Quesada-Vázquez S, Gracia-Sancho J. Pathophysiology and therapeutic options for cirrhotic portal hypertension[J]. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2024, 9(7): 646-663. DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00438-7.
[60]
Rudler M, Weiss N, Bouzbib C, et al. Diagnosis and management of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2021, 25(2): 393-417. DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2021.01.008.
[61]
Juanola A, Ma AT, Gratacós-Ginès J, et al. Renal complications in portal hypertension[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2024, 28(3): 503-523. DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2024.03.011.
[62]
Yance S, Montes P, Arevalo F. Enfermedad vascular Porto sinusoidal: Una causa inusual de sangrado digestivo[J]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru, 2024, 44(2): 145-149. DOI: 10.47892/rgp.2024.442.1629.
[1] 曾维波, 何燕妮, 熊燃, 王珍, 许智莉, 刘红梅. 两广地区颈动脉狭窄及广东地区肾动脉狭窄与血管超声危急值管理现状调研[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）, 2026, 23(05): 355-359.
[2] 陈曼, 郑雯, 常才, 俞清, 肖沪生, 赵宝珍, 施仲伟, 陈悦, 李丽蟾, 王文平. 上海市超声诊断设备配置现状调查与质量控制管理策略优化[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）, 2026, 23(05): 369-373.
[3] 王子怡, 谢苗苗, 薄舟洋, 孙园园, 武莉娜, 王睿丽. 产后子宫坏死的超声造影表现及诊断价值[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）, 2026, 23(05): 400-407.
[4] 王茹文, 潘辰, 车颖, 佟梦萦. 甲状腺热消融术后结节破裂三例病例报道及基于文献的系统分析[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）, 2026, 23(04): 316-323.
[5] 王鑫, 阎龙, 戴朝六. 人工智能化与个体化在肝癌微创外科的应用[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 315-318.
[6] 杨敏, 杜峻峰, 辛林璞. 腹腔镜胃癌根治术后常见并发症防治与管理[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 352-355.
[7] 谢华林, 刘宾, 孙倩男, 王道荣. 改善术后肠造口功能研究进展[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 398-401.
[8] 吴禹锟, 项方政, 郑伏甫. 上尿路尿路上皮癌保肾策略新进展[J/OL]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 367-372.
[9] 郭任博, 邹本奎, 边家盛. 转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌治疗决策及展望[J/OL]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 373-382.
[10] 杨龙雨禾, 王跃强, 卫娜, 杨剑兵, 招云亮, 马真, 田雨, 白蕾. 输尿管狭窄腔内治疗的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 463-467.
[11] 王杰艳, 胡博文, 曾小兰, 孙邓南, 梁辉. 电生理技术在泌尿外科中的应用和研究进展[J/OL]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 474-479.
[12] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会医政司. 原发性肝癌诊疗指南（2026年版）[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2026, 15(04): 443-507.
[13] 洪士皓, 杨昕. 个性化骨科手术中3D打印技术的临床应用与展望[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 249-255.
[14] 席雅楠, 姚国栋, 郭秀珍, 高斌礼, 赵渊, 李婷, 钟李岩, 李梦倩. IDEAS模式对机器人辅助结直肠癌根治术患者康复结局的影响[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 285-291.
[15] 齐洪武, 徐泽雨. 脑脓肿的临床诊治进展[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 327-331.
阅读次数
全文


摘要

版权所有 中华医学会 中华医学电子音像出版社有限责任公司  京ICP备14006079号-1  网络出版服务许可证：(署)网出证(京)字第075号

AI
小
编
AI小编
你好！我是《中华医学电子期刊资源库》AI小编，有什么可以帮您的吗？