| [1] |
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2018, 68(6): 394-424.DOI: 10.3322/caac.21492.
|
| [2] |
|
| [3] |
|
| [4] |
Lv TR, Wang JK, Li FY, et al. Prognostic factors for resected cases with gallbladder carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Int J Surg, 2024, 110(7): 4342-4355.DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001403.
|
| [5] |
Kim SJ, Lee JM, Lee JY, et al. Accuracy of preoperative T-staging of gallbladder carcinoma using MDCT[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2008, 190(1): 74-80.DOI: 10.2214/ajr.07.2348.
|
| [6] |
Kumaran V, Gulati M, Paul S, et al. The role of dual-phase helical CT in assessing resectability of carcinoma of the gallbladder[J]. Eur Radiol, 2002, 12(8): 1993-1999.DOI: 10.1007/s00330-002-1440-0.
|
| [7] |
Lee SW, Kim HJ, Park JH, et al. Clinical usefulness of 18F-FDG PET-CT for patients with gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma[J]. J Gastroenterol, 2010, 45(5): 560-566.DOI: 10.1007/s00535-009-0188-6.
|
| [8] |
Ogura T, Kurisu Y, Masuda D, et al. Can endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration offer clinical benefit for thick-walled gallbladders[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2014, 59(8): 1917-1924.DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3100-z.
|
| [9] |
Jang JY, Kim SW, Lee SE, et al. Differential diagnostic and staging accuracies of high resolution ultrasonography, endoscopic ultrasonography, and multidetector computed tomography for gallbladder polypoid lesions and gallbladder cancer[J]. Ann Surg, 2009, 250(6): 943-949.DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e3181b5d5fc.
|
| [10] |
|
| [11] |
|
| [12] |
Alix-Panabières C, Pantel K. Liquid biopsy: from discovery to clinical application[J]. Cancer Discov, 2021, 11(4): 858-873.DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1311.
|
| [13] |
Hwang S, Woo S, Kang B, et al. Concordance of ctDNA and tissue genomic profiling in advanced biliary tract cancer[J]. J Hepatol, 2025, 82(4): 649-657.DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.10.020.
|
| [14] |
Yang M, Zhao Y, Li C, et al. Multimodal integration of liquid biopsy and radiology for the noninvasive diagnosis of gallbladder cancer and benign disorders[J]. Cancer Cell, 2025, 43(3): 398-412. e4.DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2025.02.011.
|
| [15] |
Liu R, Wu S, Kuang T, et al. Prediction system for gallbladder cancer distant metastasis a retrospective cohort study based on machine learning[J]. Int J Surg, 2025, 111(11): 7906-7920.DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000002901.
|
| [16] |
Zhang K, He J, Ji W, et al. Machine learning model for differentiating xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and gallbladder cancer in multicenter largescale study[J]. NPJ Digit Med, 2025, 8: 590.DOI: 10.1038/s41746-025-01991-7.
|
| [17] |
Wang LF, Wang Q, Mao F, et al. Risk stratification of gallbladder masses by machine learning-based ultrasound radiomics models: a prospective and multi-institutional study[J]. Eur Radiol, 2023, 33(12): 8899-8911.DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09891-8.
|
| [18] |
Lee SE. Systematic review on the surgical treatment for T1 gallbladder cancer[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2011, 17(2): 174.DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i2.174.
|
| [19] |
Palepu J, Endo I, Chaudhari VA, et al. 'IHPBA-APHPBA clinical practice guidelines': international Delphi consensus recommendations for gallbladder cancer[J]. HPB, 2024, 26(11): 1311-1326.DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2024.07.411.
|
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
Kuipers H, de Savornin Lohman EAJ, van Dooren M, et al. Extended resections for advanced gallbladder cancer: results from a nationwide cohort study[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2021, 28(2): 835-843.DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08858-z.
|
| [22] |
Zhang K, Liu H, Zhao Y, et al. The clinical outcomes of extended resections in patients with Ⅳ stage gallbladder cancers: a retrospective study from a large tertiary center[J]. Front Oncol, 2022, 12: 1032737.DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1032737.
|
| [23] |
Noji T, Takeuchi S, Wada M, et al. Short-and long-term surgical results of extended surgery for widespread gallbladder carcinoma[J]. In Vivo, 2025, 39(2): 1022-1032.DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13907.
|
| [24] |
Yamamoto Y, Sugiura T, Okamura Y, et al. Is combined pancreatoduodenectomy for advanced gallbladder cancer justified[J]. Surgery, 2016, 159(3): 810-820.DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.09.009.
|
| [25] |
Basak F, Hasbahceci M, Canbak T, et al. Incidental findings during routine pathological evaluation of gallbladder specimens: review of 1,747 elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases[J]. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2016, 98(4): 280-283.DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2016.0099.
|
| [26] |
Gani F, Buettner S, Margonis GA, et al. Assessing the impact of common bile duct resection in the surgical management of gallbladder cancer[J]. J Surg Oncol, 2016, 114(2): 176-180.DOI: 10.1002/jso.24283.
|
| [27] |
Du J, Yang XW, Wen ZJ, et al. Relationship between prognosis and time interval from cholecystectomy to reoperation in postoperative incidental gallbladder carcinoma[J]. Chin Med J, 2018, 131(20): 2503-2505.DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.243565.
|
| [28] |
Sun J, Xie TG, Ma ZY, et al. Current status and progress in laparoscopic surgery for gallbladder carcinoma[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2023, 29(16): 2369-2379.DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i16.2369.
|
| [29] |
Chee MYM, Wu AGR, Fong KY, et al. Robotic, laparoscopic and open surgery for gallbladder cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J]. Surg Endosc, 2024, 38(9): 4846-4857.DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-11162-6.
|
| [30] |
Jin LM, Zhang YH, Zhang CW, et al. Is laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy an effective and safe approach for advanced gallbladder cancer[J]. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 2020, 19(3): 203-204.DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.04.005.
|
| [31] |
|
| [32] |
Dong J, Zhu Z. Efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy and lymph node dissection in advanced gallbladder cancer without distant metastases: a SEER database analysis[J]. Front Oncol, 2024, 14: 1511583.DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1511583.
|
| [33] |
Bridgewater J, Fletcher P, Palmer DH, et al. Long-term outcomes and exploratory analyses of the randomized phase Ⅲ BILCAP study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2022, 40(18): 2048-2057.DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02568.
|
| [34] |
Nakachi K, Ikeda M, Konishi M, et al. Adjuvant S-1 compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (JCOG1202, ASCOT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet, 2023, 401(10372): 195-203.DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02038-4.
|
| [35] |
Edeline J, Benabdelghani M, Bertaut A, et al. Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin chemotherapy or surveillance in resected biliary tract cancer (PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI): a randomized phase Ⅲ study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2019, 37(8): 658-667.DOI: 10.1200/jco.18.00050.
|
| [36] |
Agrawal S, Kapoor V, Rahul R, et al. A randomized study of consolidation chemoradiotherapy versus observation after first-line chemotherapy in advanced gallbladder cancers: RACE-GB study[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol, 2025, 122(1): 10-18.DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.11.099.
|
| [37] |
Xiao H, Ji J, Li S, et al. Adjuvant chemoradiation and immunotherapy for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer: a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2025, 11(9): 1021.DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.1926.
|
| [38] |
Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, et al. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 362(14): 1273-1281.DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0908721.
|
| [39] |
Kim ST, Kang JH, Lee J, et al. Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin versus gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for advanced biliary tract cancers: a multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase Ⅲ, noninferiority trial[J]. Ann Oncol, 2019, 30(5): 788-795.DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz058.
|
| [40] |
Morizane C, Okusaka T, Mizusawa J, et al. Combination gemcitabine plus S-1 versus gemcitabine plus cisplatin for advanced/recurrent biliary tract cancer: the FUGA-BT (JCOG1113) randomized phase Ⅲ clinical trial[J]. Ann Oncol, 2019, 30(12): 1950–1958.DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz402.
|
| [41] |
Shroff RT, King G, Colby S, et al. SWOG S1815: a phase Ⅲ randomized trial of gemcitabine, cisplatin, and nab-paclitaxel versus gemcitabine and cisplatin in newly diagnosed, advanced biliary tract cancers[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(5): 536-544.DOI: 10.1200/jco-24-01383.
|
| [42] |
Ioka T, Kanai M, Kobayashi S, et al. Randomized phase Ⅲ study of gemcitabine, cisplatin plus S-1 versus gemcitabine, cisplatin for advanced biliary tract cancer (KHBO1401-MITSUBA)[J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci, 2023, 30(1): 102-110.DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1219.
|
| [43] |
Lamarca A, Palmer DH, Wasan HS, et al. Second-line FOLFOX chemotherapy versus active symptom control for advanced biliary tract cancer (ABC-06): a phase 3, open-label, randomised, controlled trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2021, 22(5): 690-701.DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00027-9.
|
| [44] |
Yoo C, Kim KP, Jeong JH, et al. Liposomal irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin versus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic biliary tract cancer after progression on gemcitabine plus cisplatin (NIFTY): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 2b study[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2021, 22(11): 1560-1572.DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00486-1.
|
| [45] |
Vogel A, Saborowski A, Wenzel P, et al. Nanoliposomal irinotecan and fluorouracil plus leucovorin versus fluorouracil plus leucovorin in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma previously treated with gemcitabine-based therapies (AIO NALIRICC): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial[J]. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2024, 9(8): 734-744.DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00119-5.
|
| [46] |
Ramaswamy A, Ostwal V, Sharma A, et al. Efficacy of capecitabine plus irinotecan vs irinotecan monotherapy as second-line treatment in patients with advanced gallbladder cancer: a multicenter phase 2 randomized clinical trial (GB-SELECT)[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2021, 7(3): 436.DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.6166.
|
| [47] |
Yoshikawa D, Ojima H, Iwasaki M, et al. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of EGFR, VEGF, and HER2 expression in cholangiocarcinoma[J]. Br J Cancer, 2008, 98(2): 418-425.DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604129.
|
| [48] |
Demols A, Borbath I, Van den Eynde M, et al. Regorafenib after failure of gemcitabine and platinum-based chemotherapy for locally advanced/metastatic biliary tumors: REACHIN, a randomized, double-blind, phase Ⅱ trial[J]. Ann Oncol, 2020, 31(9): 1169-1177.DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.05.018.
|
| [49] |
Ueno M, Ikeda M, Sasaki T, et al. Phase 2 study of lenvatinib monotherapy as second-line treatment in unresectable biliary tract cancer: primary analysis results[J]. BMC Cancer, 2020, 20(1): 1105.DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07365-4.
|
| [50] |
Xu J, Bai Y, Sun H, et al. A single-arm, multicenter, open-label phase 2 trial of surufatinib in patients with unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancer[J]. Cancer, 2021, 127(21): 3975-3984.DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33803.
|
| [51] |
Okano N, Furuse J, Ueno M, et al. Multicenter phase Ⅱ trial of axitinib monotherapy for gemcitabine-based chemotherapy refractory advanced biliary tract cancer (AX-BC study)[J]. Oncologist, 2021, 26(2): 97-e201.DOI: 10.1002/onco.13547.
|
| [52] |
Galdy S, Lamarca A, McNamara MG, et al. HER2/HER3 pathway in biliary tract malignancies; systematic review and meta-analysis: a potential therapeutic target[J]. Cancer Metastasis Rev, 2017, 36(1): 141-157.DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9645-x.
|
| [53] |
Javle MM, Oh DY, Ikeda M, et al. Varlitinib plus capecitabine in second-line advanced biliary tract cancer: a randomized, phase Ⅱ study (TreeTopp)[J]. ESMO Open, 2022, 7(1): 100314.DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100314.
|
| [54] |
Lee CK, Chon HJ, Cheon J, et al. Trastuzumab plus FOLFOX for HER2-positive biliary tract cancer refractory to gemcitabine and cisplatin: a multi-institutional phase 2 trial of the Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG-HB19-14)[J]. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2023, 8(1): 56-65.DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00335-1.
|
| [55] |
Kelley RK, Ueno M, Yoo C, et al. Pembrolizumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin compared with gemcitabine and cisplatin alone for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (KEYNOTE-966): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet, 2023, 401(10391): 1853-1865.DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00727-4.
|
| [56] |
Oh DY, He AR, Qin S, et al. Durvalumab plus chemotherapy in advanced biliary tract cancer: 3-year overall survival update from the phase Ⅲ TOPAZ-1 study[J]. J Hepatol, 2025, 83(5): 1092-1101.DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2025.05.003.
|
| [57] |
Shi G, Huang X, Li X, et al. Conversion therapy of tislelizumab plus lenvatinib and GEMOX in unresectable locally advanced biliary tract cancer (ZSAB-TransGOLP): a multicentre, prospective, phase 2 study[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2025, 26(10): 1334-1345.DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(25)00376-6.
|
| [58] |
Klein O, Kee D, Nagrial A, et al. Evaluation of combination nivolumab and ipilimumab immunotherapy in patients with advanced biliary tract cancers: subgroup analysis of a phase 2 nonrandomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2020, 6(9): 1405.DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.2814.
|
| [59] |
Kim RD, Chung V, Alese OB, et al. A phase 2 multi-institutional study of nivolumab for patients with advanced refractory biliary tract cancer[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2020, 6(6): 888.DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0930.
|