To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst (RBC) and conduct literature review.

Clinical data of 1 RBC patient admitted to Yuedong Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University on January 5, 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. A 28-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital due to "dull pain in the left lower abdomen for over 2 months and aggravated for 1 week". Clinical manifestation was dull pain in the left lower abdomen without other specific clinical features. The informed consent of this patient was obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. Clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations and treatment methods were summarized, and literature review was conducted.

The CEA, AFP, CA125 and CA19-9 of the patient were normal. Ultrasound examination showed cystic space-occupying in the rear right liver lobe and right adrenal region, without evident blood supply. Contrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrated a mass with low density, uneven texture and no significant enhancement in the upper pole of right kidney, right adrenal region and right retrohepatic space. On January 9, 2019, laparoscopic RBC resection with tracheal intubation was performed under general anesthesia. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of RBC. The patient recovered well after the surgery, and did not recur before submission date.

RBC is extremely rare in clinical practice. There is no specific examination tools for the diagnosis before surgery. Imaging examination can provide limited clinical data. Surgical resection is an efficacious treatment, and most patients can obtain favorable clinical prognosis.