Splenic tumors are rarely encountered in clinical settings, including benign tumors, malignant tumors and borderline tumors of the spleen. It is challenging to make a differential diagnosis due to non-specific clinical manifestations. Minimally invasive laparoscopic total or partial splenectomy for splenic tumors can achieve favorable prognosis. Splenic tumor is rare but unneglectable, which poses a challenge to the diagnosis and management of hematology, oncology and general surgery. It is necessary to continuously deepen the understanding of splenic tumors, thereby achieving early detection, diagnosis and treatment. Meantime, the classification and staging of splenic tumors should be refined to minimize spleen injury, maximize the preservation of spleen function and reduce the incidence of complications. In this article, clinical manifestations, related malignant tumors and hierarchical diagnosis and treatment of splenic tumors were explicitly reviewed. The diagnosis and treatment strategies of splenic tumors were sorted out according to relevant guidelines and clinical experience.