Abstract:

At present， comprehensive treatments mainly including TACE， ablation， targeted therapy， immunotherapy and stereotactic body radiotherapy （SBRT） have achieved high efficacy in patients with unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）.In recent years， immune checkpoint inhibitor（ICI） has completely revolutionized the treatment of HCC， whereas it still encounters challenges， such as low response rate， treatment resistance and tumor hyperprogression， etc.Locoregional interventional therapy can actively improve the tumor immune microenvironment， and combined application of immunotherapy can enhance efficacy through synergical effect， thereby elevating the survival rate of HCC.Although encouraging achievements have been made， multiple problems remain to be resolved urgently， including exploring the optimal combined regimen， how to determine the timing and sequence of treatment and how to identify serological and/or histological biomarkers that can effectively predict the response of ICI treatment， etc.Current studies have shown that immunotherapy combined with local or regional therapy can improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for HCC.Nevertheless， due to the limitations of small sample size and retrospective study design in several studies， prospective clinical trials with large sample size are required to analyze the potential benefits and evaluate the safety.In this article， the research progress in immunotherapy combined with locoregional therapy for HCC was reviewed， and the current status and future development were summarized and assessed.

Key words: Carcinoma, hepatocellular, Immunotherapy, Immune checkpoint inhibitor, Transarterial ch emoembolization, Transarterial radioembolization, Yttrium-90, Ablation, Stereotactic whole body radiation therapy