探讨心脏死亡供体（DCD）儿童肝移植术后可逆性后部脑病综合征（PRES）的诊治方法。

回顾性分析2018年7月5日佛山市第一人民医院接受肝移植的1例儿童患者临床资料。受者男，4.5岁，先天性胆道闭锁术后合并肝硬化失代偿期；DCD供者男，6岁。患儿家属签署知情同意书，符合医学伦理学规定。患儿于2018年7月5日接受同种异体原位肝移植术，术后采用他克莫司联合激素免疫抑制方案。观察患儿术后脑部并发症诊治情况。

术后第3天患儿抽搐1次，术后1周出现烦躁不安，右侧肢体偏瘫。头颅CT、MRI和CT血管造影（CTA）示急性左侧脑梗塞，右侧脑出血，脑血管炎性病变，考虑PRES。更换他克莫司为西罗莫司，并给予纠正凝血功能、高血压、脱水等综合治疗，脑部并发症逐渐好转，术后42 d出院。出院后门诊高压氧治疗，言语功能及认知能力逐渐康复，右侧肢体偏瘫情况逐渐改善，截止至投稿时右上下肢肌力恢复为Ⅱ级。

儿童肝移植受者术后PRES发病突然、病情危重、病因复杂，及时调整免疫抑制治疗方案和对症处理是治疗PRES的关键。

To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in a child patient after liver transplantation from donation after cardiac death (DCD).

Clinical data of a child undergoing liver transplantation in the First People's Hospital of Foshan on July 5, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The 4.5-year-old male recipient was complicated with liver cirrhosis in decompensation after surgery of congenital biliary atresia. The DCD donor was a boy aged 6 years old. The informed consent of the patient were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. The child underwent orthotopic liver transplantation on July 5, 2018. Tacrolimus combined with hormone immunosuppression was delivered postoperatively. The diagnosis and treatment of postoperative cerebral complications were observed.

At postoperative 3 d, the child developed convulsion. At postoperative 1 week, the child presented with dysphoria and right hemiplegia. CT, MRI and CT angiography (CTA) of demonstrated acute left cerebral infarction, right cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral vasculitis. Diagnosis of PRES was considered. Tacrolimus was replaced with sirolimus. Comprehensive treatments was delivered to correct coagulation function, hypertension, dehydration, etc. The syndrome of cerebral complications were gradually improved and the patient was discharged at 42 d after operation. After discharge, the child received hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The speech function and cognitive capability were steadily restored and the right limb hemiplegia was gradually mitigated. Until the date of paper submission, the muscle strength of the right upper and lower limbs was restored to Grade Ⅱ.

Postoperative PRES occurs all of a sudden with severe condition and complex pathogenesis in the pediatric recipient after liver transplantation. Timely adjustment of immunosuppressive therapy and symptomatic treatments play a key role in the treatment of PRES.