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Chinese Journal of Hepatic Surgery(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (02): 203-208. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3232.2025028

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Tumor microenvironment and systematic treatment of gallbladder cancer

Botao Chen1, Kuan Hu1, Xianhai Mao1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, China
  • Received:2024-12-26 Online:2025-04-10 Published:2025-03-28
  • Contact: Xianhai Mao

Abstract:

Gallbladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in digestive system, which is characterized with hidden clinical symptoms, high invasion and metastasis and high mortality.Recent clinical studies have explored the neoadjuvant therapy, adjuvant therapy and translational therapy of gallbladder cancer,making tremendous efforts to improve the clinical prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer.In this article,the pathogenesis and tumor microenvironment of gallbladder cancer were reviewed, and novel progress in clinical research of systematic treatment for gallbladder cancer in recent 5 years was analyzed and summarized.

Key words: Gallbladder cancer, Systemic therapy, Tumor microenvironment, Chemotherapy, Targeted therapy, immunotherapy, Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)

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