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Chinese Journal of Hepatic Surgery(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (02): 217-224. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3232.2025039

• Clinical Researches • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Safety and efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with PD-1/TKI for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Chunlin Wu1, Yifu Hou2, Kai Chen2, Ji Zhao2, Shijie Tang1, Hongji Yang1,2,()   

  1. 1. Clinical Medical College of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,China
    2. Organ Transplantation Center,Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital,Chengdu 610072,China
  • Received:2024-12-07 Online:2025-04-10 Published:2025-03-28
  • Contact: Hongji Yang

Abstract:

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC) combined with PD-1/TKI in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC).

Methods

Clinical data of 184 patients with uHCC admitted to Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital from March 2019 to June 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received.Among them, 157 patients were male and 27 female,aged from 28 to 85 years, with a median age of 54 years.According to different treatment regimens, all patients were divided into the combined group (n=94) and control group (n=90).In the combined group, patients were treated with HAIC combined with PD-1/TKI, and those in the control group were treated with HAIC alone.HAIC was given using mFOLFOX6.Adverse reactions were observed during the treatment and clinical efficacy was evaluated.The main indexes for efficacy evaluation were overall survival (OS) and progressionfree survival (PFS), the secondary indexes were objective remission rate (ORR) and disease control rate(DCR).The index for safety evaluation was the incidence of adverse reactions.The rates were compared with Chi-square test.Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test.Prognostic factors were assessed by Cox regression analysis.

Results

The ORR and DCR in the combined group were 65%(61/94) and 89%(84/94), significantly higher than 38%(34/90) and 70%(63/90) in the control group(χ2=13.530, 10.729; both P<0.05).In the combined group, the proportion of patients undergoing surgery after translational therapy was 26%(24/94), significantly higher than 10%(9/90) in the control group (χ2=7.536,P<0.05).The median OS and PFS in the combined group were 17 and 14 months, significantly longer than 13 and 7 months in the control group (HR=0.29,0.47; both P<0.005).Cox regression analysis showed that combination with targeted immunotherapy was the independent protective factor of OS (HR=0.371, 95%CI:0.253-0.543; P<0.05) and PFS (HR=0.284, 95%CI: 0.197-0.410; P<0.05).In the combined group, the decrease of WBC and the incidence of rash were 16%(15/94) and 27%(25/94), significantly higher than 6%(5/90)and 2% (1/90) in the control group (χ2=5.135,24.610; both P<0.05).Adverse reactions were mitigated after symptomatic treatment or drug dosage adjustment.No treatment-related death was observed throughout the treatment.

Conclusions

Compared with HAIC alone, HAIC combined with PD-1/TKI can significantly improve clinical prognosis of uHCC and yield controllable adverse reactions.

Key words: Carcinoma, hepatocellular, Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy, Programmed death-1 (PD-1), Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), Targeted therapy

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