术后辅助化疗对可切除胆道恶性肿瘤的疗效分析

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3232.2022.04.013

目的

探讨术后辅助化疗对可切除胆道恶性肿瘤（BTC）的疗效。

方法

回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年11月在海军军医大学附属东方肝胆外科医院行手术治疗的151例BTC患者临床资料。其中男84例，女67例；平均年龄（58±6）岁。患者均签署知情同意书，符合医学伦理学规定。根据术后是否采用辅助化疗，将患者分为化疗组（104例）和非化疗组（47例）；根据化疗方案是否含吉西他滨（G），化疗组进一步分为含G方案组（89例）和非含G方案组（15例）。分析术后辅助化疗及不同化疗方案对患者无复发生存期（RFS）的影响。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法和Tarone-Ware检验。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析患者术后RFS的影响因素。

结果

随访时间6~24个月，中位时间15个月。化疗组中位RFS为13个月，非化疗组6个月，术后辅助化疗可明显改善患者的RFS（χ²=13.286，P<0.05）。Cox回归分析显示，术后CA19-9降至正常是RFS的保护因素（HR=0.375，95%CI：0.204~0.691，P<0.05），而化疗方案对RFS无影响（HR=1.603，95%CI：0.706~3.636，P>0.05）。

结论

术后辅助化疗可延缓可切除BTC复发，改善患者生存预后，而化疗方案对复发并无影响。术后CA19-9未降至正常是可切除BTC复发的独立危险因素，对此类患者应加强随访。

关键词: 胆管肿瘤, 化学治疗, 预后, 吉西他滨

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable biliary tract cancer (BTC).

Methods

Clinical data of 151 patients with BTC who underwent surgery in Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital affiliated to Naval Medical University from January 2017 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 84 patients were male and 67 female, aged (58±6) years on average. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. According to whether postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was delivered, all patients were divided into the chemotherapy group (n=104) and non-chemotherapy group (n=47). According to whether chemotherapy regimen contained gemcitabine (G), patients in the chemotherapy group were further divided into G-containing regimen (n=89) and G-free regimen subgroups (n=15). The impact of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and different chemotherapy regimens on the recurrence-free survival (RFS) was assessed. Survival analysis was conducted by Kaplan-Meier method and Tarone-Ware test. The influencing factors of postoperative RFS were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results

The follow-up duration was ranged from 6 to 24 months, with a median of 15 months. The median RFS was 13 months in the chemotherapy group and 6 months in the non-chemotherapy group. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved the RFS of patients (χ²=13.286, P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that decline of postoperative CA19-9 to normal range was a protective factor of RFS (HR=0.375, 95%CI: 0.204-0.691, P<0.05), whereas chemotherapy regimen exerted no effect on RFS (HR=1.603, 95%CI: 0.706-3.636, P>0.05).

Conclusions

Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy can prevent recurrence and improve the survival of resectable BTC patients. Nevertheless, chemotherapy regimen exerts no effect upon the recurrence. The failure of postoperative CA19-9 decline to normal range is an independent risk factor for the recurrence of resectable BTC. Postoperative follow-up should be strengthened for these patients.

Key words: Bile duct neoplasms, Chemotherapy, Prognosis, Gemcitabine

表1 化疗组与非化疗组胆道恶性肿瘤患者一般情况比较

指标		化疗组	非化疗组	统计值	P值
年龄(岁)		57±9	58±8	t=0.920	0.339
男性(例)		60	24	χ²=0.576	0.448
肿瘤部位(例)				χ²=2.877	0.411
	肝内胆管癌	41	15
	肝门部胆管癌	14	4
	远端胆管癌	11	9
	胆囊癌	38	19
肿瘤分期(例)				χ²=3.999	0.406
	Ⅰ期	15	8
	Ⅱ期	31	12
	Ⅲ期	38	12
	Ⅳ期	20	15
肿瘤分化程度(例)				χ²=1.807	0.405
	低分化	12	7
	中-低分化	17	4
	中分化	75	36
手术切缘阴性(例)		92	40	χ²=0.331	0.565
淋巴结转移(例)		48	22	χ²=0.006	0.940

表1 化疗组与非化疗组胆道恶性肿瘤患者一般情况比较

指标		化疗组	非化疗组	统计值	P值
年龄(岁)		57±9	58±8	t=0.920	0.339
男性(例)		60	24	χ²=0.576	0.448
肿瘤部位(例)				χ²=2.877	0.411
	肝内胆管癌	41	15
	肝门部胆管癌	14	4
	远端胆管癌	11	9
	胆囊癌	38	19
肿瘤分期(例)				χ²=3.999	0.406
	Ⅰ期	15	8
	Ⅱ期	31	12
	Ⅲ期	38	12
	Ⅳ期	20	15
肿瘤分化程度(例)				χ²=1.807	0.405
	低分化	12	7
	中-低分化	17	4
	中分化	75	36
手术切缘阴性(例)		92	40	χ²=0.331	0.565
淋巴结转移(例)		48	22	χ²=0.006	0.940

图1 术后辅助化疗对可切除胆道恶性肿瘤患者无复发生存影响的Kaplan-Meier曲线

表2 不同因素对胆道恶性肿瘤患者术后RFS影响的Cox回归分析

因素	b	SE(b)	Wald χ²	HR	95%CI	P
CA19-9正常^a	-0.981	0.311	9.910	0.375	0.204~0.691	0.002
性别（男）	-0.164	0.274	0.358	0.849	0.496~1.452	0.550
年龄＜55岁	-0.160	0.273	0.343	0.852	0.500~1.454	0.558
肿瘤分期（Ⅳ期）	0.186	0.169	1.206	1.205	0.864~1.679	0.272
分化程度（中低分化）	0.196	0.186	1.113	1.217	0.845~1.753	0.291
淋巴结转移	0.305	0.297	1.055	1.357	0.758~2.430	0.304
切缘阴性	0.532	0.405	1.726	1.702	0.770~3.764	0.189
化疗方案（含G）	0.472	0.418	1.274	1.603	0.706~3.636	0.259

表2 不同因素对胆道恶性肿瘤患者术后RFS影响的Cox回归分析

因素	b	SE(b)	Wald χ²	HR	95%CI	P
CA19-9正常^a	-0.981	0.311	9.910	0.375	0.204~0.691	0.002
性别（男）	-0.164	0.274	0.358	0.849	0.496~1.452	0.550
年龄＜55岁	-0.160	0.273	0.343	0.852	0.500~1.454	0.558
肿瘤分期（Ⅳ期）	0.186	0.169	1.206	1.205	0.864~1.679	0.272
分化程度（中低分化）	0.196	0.186	1.113	1.217	0.845~1.753	0.291
淋巴结转移	0.305	0.297	1.055	1.357	0.758~2.430	0.304
切缘阴性	0.532	0.405	1.726	1.702	0.770~3.764	0.189
化疗方案（含G）	0.472	0.418	1.274	1.603	0.706~3.636	0.259

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Efficacy analysis of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable biliary tract cancer

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Efficacy analysis of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable biliary tract cancer