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中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (02) : 125 -130. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3232.2023.02.001

所属专题: 述评与论坛

述评

重视胆道恶性肿瘤化疗联合靶向免疫的综合治疗
王健东1, 全志伟1,()   
  1. 1. 200092 上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院普通外科
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-23 出版日期:2023-03-28
  • 通信作者: 全志伟
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81772515); 上海市2021年度"科技创新行动计划"医学创新研究专项(21Y11912400)

Emphasis on comprehensive treatments of chemotherapy and target-immuno therapy for biliary tract cancer

Jiandong Wang1, Zhiwei Quan1()   

  • Received:2022-12-23 Published:2023-03-28
  • Corresponding author: Zhiwei Quan
引用本文:

王健东, 全志伟. 重视胆道恶性肿瘤化疗联合靶向免疫的综合治疗[J]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2023, 12(02): 125-130.

Jiandong Wang, Zhiwei Quan. Emphasis on comprehensive treatments of chemotherapy and target-immuno therapy for biliary tract cancer[J]. Chinese Journal of Hepatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(02): 125-130.

胆道恶性肿瘤(biliary tract cancers,BTCs)是起源于胆道系统的异质性明显的一组肿瘤,根据解剖部位可分为肝内胆管细胞癌、肝门部胆管癌、远端胆管癌及胆囊癌。绝大多数BTCs为腺癌,侵袭性强,预后极差。在世界范围内,BTCs是第二大肝胆胰肿瘤,占所有消化道恶性肿瘤的3%,近年来发病率呈上升趋势,从1973年至2012年的大数据中可见肝内胆管细胞癌发病率大幅上升(350%),肝外胆管细胞癌发病率则稳步升高(20%)[1]。由于BTCs起病隐匿,早期诊断率低,临床就诊时往往已到中晚期,5年总生存率5%~15%,即使相对早期发现能够手术治疗的患者,术后复发率仍高于50%[2]。随着手术技术、手术器械及围手术期处理的进步,BTCs的手术范围不断扩大,胆囊癌扩大根治术尝试了包括肝外胆管切除、半肝切除、肝胰十二指肠切除等术式,肝内胆管细胞癌及肝门部胆管癌施行大范围肝切除及扩大淋巴结清扫、肝移植等术式,肝外胆管细胞癌施行扩大胰十二指肠切除,但不幸的是对提高生存率无任何帮助。BTCs与其它肿瘤一样是一种全身性疾病,单纯的外科手术不能治愈,故必须有综合治疗的理念。

表1 进展期BTCs治疗相关基因突变及相应靶向药物的临床试验结果[9,10,11]
表2 进展期BTCs免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的临床试验结果[12]
治疗药物 NCT注册号 临床试验分期 治疗阶段 结果
帕博利珠单抗(Pembrolizumab) NCT02628067(KEYNOTE-158) 二线或后线 ORR:5.8%(2.1%~12.1%),mOS:7.4(5.5~9.6)个月,mPFS:2.0(1.9~2.1)个月
帕博利珠单抗(Pembrolizumab) NCT02054806(KEYNOTE-028) Ⅰb 二线或后线 ORR:13.0%(2.8%~33.6%),mOS:5.7(3.1~9.8)个月,mPFS:1.8(1.4~3.7)个月
纳武利尤单抗(Nivolumab) JapicC- TI-153098 二线或后线 ORR:3.3%(0.7%~13.6%),mOS:5.2(4.5~8.7)个月,mPFS:1.4(1.4~1.4)个月
纳武利尤单抗(Nivolumab) NCT02829918 二线或后线 PR:22%,DCR:59%,mOS:14.2(5.98~缺失)个月,mPFS:3.7(2.3~5.69)个月
度伐利尤单抗(Durvalumab) NCT01938612 一线或后线 DCR:16.7%,mOS:8.1(5.6~10.1)个月
纳武利尤单抗+伊匹单抗(Nivolumab plus ipilimumab) NCT02923934(CA209–538) 一线或后线 ORR:23%,DCR:44%,mOS:5.7(2.7~11.9)个月,mPFS:2.9(2.2~4.6)个月
度伐利尤单抗+曲美木单抗(Durvalumab plus tremelimumab) NCT01938612 一线或后线 DCR:32.2%,mOS:10.1(6.2~11.4)个月
纳武利尤单抗+顺铂/吉西他滨(Nivolumab plus CisGem) NCT03311789 一线 ORR:55.6%,DCR:92.6%,mOS:8.5(5.0~12.5)个月,mPFS:6.1(3.4~8.2)个月
纳武单抗+顺铂/吉西他滨(Nivolumab plus CisGem) JapicCTI- 153098 一线 ORR:36.7%,mOS:15.4(11.8~NE)个月,mPFS:4.2(2.8~5.6)个月
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