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中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志

中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (06) : 868 -874. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3232.2025.06.009

临床研究

仑伐替尼和PD-1抑制剂预处理联合TACE序贯治疗CNLC分期Ⅲ期肝癌疗效及安全性
王利皓1, 罗世超2, 唐强1, 尚栋良3, 段少博4, 卢冰1, 李海1, 薛飞1,†()   
  1. 1　450003　郑州，河南省人民医院肝胆胰腺外科
    2　450003　郑州，河南省直第三人民医院肝胆胰腺外科
    3　450003　郑州大学人民医院（河南省人民医院）肝胆胰腺外科
    4　450003　郑州大学人民医院（河南省人民医院）健康管理学科
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-05 出版日期:2025-12-10
  • 通信作者: 薛飞
  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技攻关项目(222102310152); 河南省留学人员科研择优资助项目(豫人社办函[2023]8号)

Efficacy and safety of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor pretreatment combined with TACE sequential therapy for CNLC stage Ⅲ hepatocellular carcinoma

Lihao Wang1, Shichao Luo2, Qiang Tang1, Dongliang Shang3, Shaobo Duan4, Bing Lu1, Hai Li1, Fei Xue1,†()   

  1. 1 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
    2 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Third People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China
    3 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
    4 Department of Health Management, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
  • Received:2025-06-05 Published:2025-12-10
  • Corresponding author: Fei Xue
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引用本文：

王利皓, 罗世超, 唐强, 尚栋良, 段少博, 卢冰, 李海, 薛飞. 仑伐替尼和PD-1抑制剂预处理联合TACE序贯治疗CNLC分期Ⅲ期肝癌疗效及安全性[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2025, 14(06): 868-874.

Lihao Wang, Shichao Luo, Qiang Tang, Dongliang Shang, Shaobo Duan, Bing Lu, Hai Li, Fei Xue. Efficacy and safety of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor pretreatment combined with TACE sequential therapy for CNLC stage Ⅲ hepatocellular carcinoma[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Hepatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 14(06): 868-874.

目的

探讨仑伐替尼和PD-1抑制剂预处理后行TACE序贯治疗CNLC分期Ⅲ期肝细胞癌（肝癌）患者临床疗效及安全性。

方法

回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年12月在河南省人民医院确诊为CNLC分期Ⅲ期肝癌的57例患者临床资料。患者均签署知情同意书，符合医学伦理学规定。其中男43例，女14例；年龄34~74岁，中位年龄57岁。根据治疗方案不同分为2组，LenPT组先行仑伐替尼和PD-1抑制剂预处理，再行TACE序贯治疗（19例）；TaLP组先行TACE治疗，再行仑伐替尼和PD-1抑制剂治疗（38例）。观察两组治疗方案疗效、影响因素及安全性。两组肝功能及白蛋白-胆红素（ALBI）评分等指标比较采用t检验或秩和检验，两组肿瘤反应疾病控制率（DCR）等比较采用χ2检验。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法和Log-rank 检验，生存影响因素采用Cox回归模型分析。

结果

治疗6个月后LenPT组DCR为89%（17/19），明显高于TaLP组的50%（19/38） （χ2=8.482，P=0.004）。LenPT组中位无进展生存期（PFS）为9.0个月，明显优于TaLP组的6.0个月（χ2=5.106，P=0.024）。Cox多因素分析显示，治疗方案是PFS的独立影响因素（HR=1.956，95%CI：1.025~3.732；P=0.042）。首次TACE治疗 5~7 d后LenPT组ALT为58（40~81） U/L，明显低于TaLP组80（60~96） U/L（Z=-2.015，P<0.05）。治疗1年后LenPT组ALBI评分为（-1.96±0.34）分，明显低于TaLP组（-1.30±0.22）分（t=-6.666，P<0.001）；Child-Pugh评分为6（5~7）分，亦明显低于TaLP组的8（7~9）分（Z=-3.918，P<0.05）。两组患者治疗期间不良反应均在给予相应处理后有所缓解。

结论

对于CNLC分期Ⅲ期肝癌，相较于先行TACE治疗方案，仑伐替尼和PD-1抑制剂预处理后TACE序贯治疗方案提高了DCR，延长了PFS，减轻患者肝功能损伤，且不良事件总体可控，临床上安全、有效。

关键词: 癌，肝细胞, 仑伐替尼, 程序性死亡受体-1抑制剂, 经导管动脉化疗栓塞, 序贯治疗, 免疫检查点抑制剂
Objective

To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor pretreatment combined with TACE sequential therapy for CNLC stage Ⅲ hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Clinical data of 57 patients diagnosed with CNLC stage Ⅲ HCC in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. Among them, 43 patients were male and 14 female, aged from 34 to 74 years, with a median age of 57 years. According to different treatment regimens, they were divided into two groups. In the LenPT group (n=19), lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor pretreatment were given, followed by TACE sequential therapy. In the TaLP group (n=38), TACE therapy was delivered, followed by lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor treatment. Clinical efficacy, influencing factors and safety between two treatment regimens were observed. Liver function and albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score in two groups were compared by t-test or rank sum test. Disease control rate (DCR) between two groups was compared by Chi-square test. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test. The influencing factors of survival were analyzed by Cox regression models.

Results

After 6-month treatment, the DCR in the LenPT group was 89%(17/19), significantly higher than 50%(19/38) in the TaLP group (χ2=8.482, P=0.004). The median progression-free survival (PFS) in the LenPT group was 9.0 months, significantly longer than 6.0 months in the TaLP group (χ2=5.106, P=0.024). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that treatment regimen was an independent influencing factor of PFS (HR=1.956, 95%CI: 1.025-3.732; P=0.042). At 5-7 d after the first TACE, the ALT level in the LenPT group was 58(40-81) U/L, significantly lower than 80(60-96) U/L in the TaLP group (Z=-2.015, P<0.05). In the LenPT group, the ALBI score at 1 year after treatment was (-1.96±0.34), significantly lower than (-1.30±0.22) in the TaLP group (t=-6.666, P<0.001). In the LenPT group, Child-Pugh score was 6(5-7), significantly lower than 8(7-9) in the TaLP group (Z=-3.918, P<0.05). All adverse reactions during the treatment were relieved after corresponding treatment in two groups.

Conclusions

Compared with TACE followed by lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor treatment, lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor pretreatment combined with TACE sequential therapy can improve DCR, prolong PFS, alleviate liver function damage of patients with CNLC stage Ⅲ HCC. In addition, adverse events are generally controllable, indicating that this procedure is safe and efficacious in clinical practice.

Key words: Carcinoma, hepatocellular, Lenvatinib, Programmed death-1 inhibitor, Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), Sequential therapy, Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)
表1 两组CNLC分期Ⅲ期肝癌患者基线资料比较
基线资料 LenPT组 TaLP组 统计值 P值
性别(例, 男/女) 16/3 27/11 χ2=0.580 0.446
年龄(岁,
±s)		 55±10 58±9 t=-1.289 0.203
AFP≥400 μg/L (例) 8 14 χ2=0.148 0.700
AST [U/L, M(Min~Max)] 51(29~114) 49(31~89) Z=0.085 0.933
ALT[U/L, M(Min~Max)] 30(16~49) 32(22~53) Z=-0.466 0.642
ALB(g/L,
±s)		 35±4 36±5 t=-0.577 0.566
TB[μmol/L, M(Min~Max)] 15(10~23) 19(13~31) Z=-1.532 0.126
腹水(例) 6 21 χ2=2.850 0.091
Child-Pugh评分[分, M(Min~Max)] 6(5~6) 6(5~7) Z=-0.714 0.475
ALBI评分(分,
±s)		 -2.19±0.42 -2.20±0.49 t=0.330 0.973
ECOG-PS 1分 (例) 9 22 χ2=0.566 0.452
HBV感染(例) 17 32 χ2=0.018 0.893
吸烟史(例) 9 15 χ2=0.324 0.569
饮酒史(例) 10 14 χ2=1.295 0.255
肿瘤数目≥3个(例) 7 20 χ2=1.267 0.260
肿瘤长径≥10 cm(例) 8 20 χ2=0.562 0.454
肝静脉癌栓(例) 6 18 χ2=1.295 0.255
门静脉癌栓(例) 14 25 χ2=0.365 0.546
远处转移(例) 4 10 χ2=0.012 0.913
CNLC分期Ⅲa(例) 15 28 χ2=0.012 0.913
表2 两组CNLC分期Ⅲ期肝癌患者治疗6个月后疗效评价结果[例（%）]
mRECIST 例数 CR PR SD PD ORR DCR
LenPT组 19 1(5) 10(53) 6(32) 2(11) 11(58) 17(89)
TaLP组 38 2(5) 13(34) 4(11) 19(50) 15(39) 19(50)
χ2值 1.733 8.482
P值 0.188 0.004
图1 两组CNLC分期Ⅲ期肝癌患者Kaplan-Meier生存曲线 注：LenPT组为仑伐替尼和PD-1抑制剂预处理TACE序贯治疗；TaLP组为先行TACE再行仑伐替尼和PD-1抑制剂治疗；OS为总体生存期，PFS为无进展生存期
表3 两组CNLC分期Ⅲ期肝癌患者生存预后影响因素的Cox单因素及多因素分析
因素 OS PFS
单因素分析 多因素分析 单因素分析 多因素分析
HR(95%CI) P值 HR(95%CI) P值 HR(95%CI) P值 HR(95%CI) P值
治疗方式(TaLP组/LenPT组) 1.597(0.861~2.963) 0.137 1.906(1.010~3.597) 0.047 1.956(1.025~3.732) 0.042
ECOG-PS评分(1/0) 2.478(1.352~4.541) 0.003 2.509(1.364~4.614) 0.003 1.933(1.076~3.473) 0.027 1.970(1.088~3.565) 0.025
肝外转移(有/无) 2.361(1.232~4.523) 0.010 2.395(1.247~4.602) 0.009 2.348(1.228~4.490) 0.010 2.418(1.255~4.661) 0.008
图2 两组CNLC分期Ⅲ期肝癌患者首次TACE术后肝功能比较 注：LenPT组为仑伐替尼和PD-1抑制剂预处理后行TACE序贯治疗；TaLP组为先行TACE再行仑伐替尼和PD-1抑制剂治疗
图3 两组CNLC分期Ⅲ期肝癌患者治疗1年后 ALBI评分比较 注：LenPT组为仑伐替尼和PD-1抑制剂预处理TACE序贯治疗，TaLP组为先行TACE再行仑伐替尼和PD-1抑制剂治疗；ALBI为白蛋白-胆红素
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