Cholelithiasis is a highly prevalent digestive system disease worldwide, and the evolution of its treatment strategies profoundly reflects the continuous advancement of minimally invasive surgical concepts and techniques. The coexistence of gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones significantly increases the complexity of clinical management. Although conventional open surgery can achieve definitive therapeutic efficacy through single-stage common bile duct exploration and stone removal, it has disadvantages including substantial surgical trauma, slow postoperative recovery, and a high incidence of complications. With the continued development of minimally invasive surgical concepts and technological advances, combined multi-endoscopic treatment strategies centered on laparoscopy, choledochoscopy, and endoscopy are reshaping the clinical treatment pathway for complex cholelithiasis by integrating the respective advantages of these techniques. These strategies fully demonstrate the comprehensive advantages of minimally invasive surgery in terms of stone clearance efficiency, anatomical precision, and quality of patient recovery. This article systematically reviews recent advances in the clinical application of mainstream combined minimally invasive procedures, providing a theoretical reference for optimizing the treatment of concomitant gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones.