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中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (03) : 299 -306. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3232.2026.03.003

专家论坛

原发性肝癌放疗策略与应用展望
陈丽君1, 黎建绪1, 梁世雄1, 向邦德2,†()   
  1. 1　530021　南宁，广西医科大学肿瘤医院放疗科
    2　530021　南宁，广西医科大学肿瘤医院肝胆胰脾外科
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-24 出版日期:2026-06-10
  • 通信作者: 向邦德
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81960450)

Radiotherapy strategy and application prospect for primary liver cancer

Lijun Chen1, Jianxu Li1, Shixiong Liang1, Bangde Xiang2,†()   

  1. 1 Department of Radiotherapy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China
    2 Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Spleen Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China
  • Received:2025-10-24 Published:2026-06-10
  • Corresponding author: Bangde Xiang
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陈丽君, 黎建绪, 梁世雄, 向邦德. 原发性肝癌放疗策略与应用展望[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2026, 15(03): 299-306.

Lijun Chen, Jianxu Li, Shixiong Liang, Bangde Xiang. Radiotherapy strategy and application prospect for primary liver cancer[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Hepatic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 15(03): 299-306.

原发性肝癌（肝癌）在恶性肿瘤发病率中居第六位，在癌症相关死亡率中位列第四。外科手术切除和肝移植仍被视为可切除肝癌患者的金标准治疗方案。然而仅有30.2%初诊患者有手术指征。对于不适合手术患者，目前临床常用的局部治疗手段包括TACE、射频消融术（RFA）、外放射治疗（EBRT）以及钇-90微球近距离放疗等。其中，放疗作为一种重要的非侵入性治疗选择，其临床应用价值日益凸显。近年来，放疗技术的革命性进步，包括调强放疗（IMRT）、体部立体定向放射治疗（SBRT）、图像引导放疗（IGRT）及质子、碳离子等带电粒子治疗（CPT）等。本文针对早期HCC的消融放疗、TACE联合外照射放疗、HCC合并大血管侵犯的放疗、新辅助放疗和转化降期放疗、肝脏移植的SBRT桥接治疗肝癌放疗策略及不良反应做了全面系统阐述。局部放疗联合免疫检查点抑制剂治疗晚期HCC患者取得了良好的效果。探索既具有靶向效应又具有远隔效应的放疗与免疫治疗的联合方案仍迫在眉睫。

关键词: 原发性肝癌, 癌，肝细胞, 放射治疗, 疗效, 毒性, 局部治疗

Primary liver cancer (PLC) ranks the sixth in the incidence of malignant tumors and fourth in the cancer-related mortality. Surgical resection and liver transplantation are still considered as the gold standard treatments for patients with resectable PLC. However, only 30.2% of newly-diagnosed patients have surgical indications. For patients ineligible for surgery, local treatment methods including TACE, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and Yttrium-90 microsphere brachytherapy are commonly adopted in clinical practice. Among them, radiotherapy is an important non-invasive treatment option, and its clinical application value is increasingly prominent. In recent years, revolutionary technological progress has been achieved in radiotherapy including intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) and charged particle therapy (CPT) such as protons and carbon ions. In this article, radiotherapy strategies and side effects of ablation radiotherapy for early PLC, TACE combined with EBRT, radiotherapy for PLC complicated with great vessel invasion, neoadjuvant radiotherapy and downstaging radiotherapy, and SBRT as a bridging therapy to liver transplantation were systematically illustrated. Local radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors has achieved favorable outcomes in advanced PLC patients. It is still urgent to explore combined regimen of radiotherapy and immunotherapy with both targeted and distant effects.

Key words: Primary liver cancer, Carcinoma,hepatocellular, Radiation therapy, Efficacy, Toxicity, Local treatment
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